# New panel functions

### tactile

#### Johan Larsson

#### 2025-07-27

tactile introduces new panel functions to the latticeverse.

## `panel.ci()`: confidence intervals

`panel.ci()` adds confidence bands around a line using arguments `lower` and `upper`. This is usually of interested after, for instance, having fitted a model and then made predictions using that model.

As an example, we will try to predict petal width from petal length and species, using the `iris` dataset.

    mod <- lm(Petal.Width ~ Petal.Length * Species, data = iris)
    newdat <- expand.grid(
      Petal.Length = seq(1, 7, by = 0.1),
      Species = c("setosa", "versicolor", "virginica")
    )
    pred <- predict(mod, newdat, interval = "confidence")
    dd <- cbind(newdat, pred)

Having predicted values across our grid, we now plot the predictions, including 95% confidence levels using the following lines.

    library(tactile)
    xyplot(fit ~ Petal.Length,
      groups = Species, data = dd,
      prepanel = prepanel.ci, auto.key = list(lines = TRUE, points = FALSE),
      ylab = "Petal Width",
      xlab = "Petal Length",
      lower = dd$lwr,
      upper = dd$upr,
      type = "l",
      panel = function(...) {
        panel.ci(..., alpha = 0.15, grid = TRUE)
        panel.xyplot(...)
      }
    )

Example of using panel.ci.

Also note the use of the `prepanel.ci()` function that we provide the `prepanel` argument with so that the axis limits are set properly.

## `panel.qqmathci()`: confidence intervals for `lattice::qqmath()`

`panel.qqmathci()` is designed to be used together with `lattice::qqmath()` and `lattice::panel.qqmathline()` to provide confidence intervals for the theoretical quantities. A rather contrived example follows.

    qqmath(~ height | voice.part,
      aspect = "xy", data = singer,
      prepanel = prepanel.qqmathline,
      distribution = qnorm,
      ci = 0.9,
      panel = function(x, ...) {
        panel.qqmathci(x, ...)
        panel.qqmathline(x, ...)
        panel.qqmath(x, ...)
      }
    )

Example of using panel.qqmathci.