NETMOD Working Group
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                         L. Lhotka
Internet-Draft
Request for Comments: 8022                                        CZ.NIC
Intended status:
Category: Standards Track                                      A. Lindem
Expires: May 7, 2017
ISSN: 2070-1721                                            Cisco Systems
                                                           November 03, 2016

                A YANG Data Model for Routing Management
                    draft-ietf-netmod-routing-cfg-25

Abstract

   This document contains a specification of three YANG modules and one
   submodule.  Together they form the core routing data model which that
   serves as a framework for configuring and managing a routing
   subsystem.  It is expected that these modules will be augmented by
   additional YANG modules defining data models for control plane control-plane
   protocols, route filters filters, and other functions.  The core routing data
   model provides common building blocks for such extensions -- routes,
   routing information bases (RIB),
   Routing Information Bases (RIBs), and control plane control-plane protocols.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on May 7, 2017.
   http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8022.

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   Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Terminology and Notation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4   3
     2.1.  Glossary of New Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5   4
     2.2.  Tree Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     2.3.  Prefixes in Data Node Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6   5
   3.  Objectives  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   4.  The Design of the Core Routing Data Model . . . . . . . . . .   7   6
     4.1.  System-Controlled and User-Controlled List Entries  . . .   8
   5.  Basic Building Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     5.1.  Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     5.2.  Routing Information Base (RIB)  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     5.3.  Control Plane  Control-Plane Protocol  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       5.3.1.  Routing Pseudo-Protocols  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       5.3.2.  Defining New Control Plane Control-Plane Protocols  . . . . . . . .  11
     5.4.  Parameters of IPv6 Router Advertisements  . . . . . . . .  12
   6.  Interactions with Other YANG Modules  . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     6.1.  Module "ietf-interfaces"  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     6.2.  Module "ietf-ip"  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   7.  Routing Management YANG Module  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   8.  IPv4 Unicast Routing Management YANG Module . . . . . . . . .  26
   9.  IPv6 Unicast Routing Management YANG Module . . . . . . . . .  32
     9.1.  IPv6 Router Advertisements Submodule  . . . . . . . . . .  37
   10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  47
   11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49  48
   12. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49
   13. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49
     13.1.
     12.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  50
     13.2.  49
     12.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  50
   Appendix A.  The Complete Data Trees  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  51
     A.1.  Configuration Data  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  51
     A.2.  State Data  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  53  52
   Appendix B.  Minimum Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  54  53
   Appendix C.  Example: Adding a New Control Plane Control-Plane Protocol . . . .  54
   Appendix D.  Data Tree Example  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  57
   Appendix E.  Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . .  56
   Acknowledgments . . . . . . . .  65
     E.1.  Changes Between Versions -24 and -25 . . . . . . . . . .  65
     E.2.  Changes Between Versions -23 and -24 . . . . . . .  64
   Authors' Addresses  . . .  65
     E.3.  Changes Between Versions -22 and -23 . . . . . . . . . .  65
     E.4.  Changes Between Versions -21 and -22 . . . . . . . . . .  66
     E.5.  Changes Between Versions -20  64

1.  Introduction

   This document contains a specification of the following YANG modules:

   o  The "ietf-routing" module provides generic components of a routing
      data model.

   o  The "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing" module augments the "ietf-routing"
      module with additional data specific to IPv4 unicast.

   o  The "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing" module augments the "ietf-routing"
      module with additional data specific to IPv6 unicast.  Its
      submodule "ietf-ipv6-router-advertisements" also augments the
      "ietf-interfaces" [RFC7223] and -21  . . . . . . . . . .  66
     E.6.  Changes Between Versions -19 and -20  . . . . . . . . . .  66
     E.7.  Changes Between Versions -18 "ietf-ip" [RFC7277] modules with
      IPv6 router configuration variables required by [RFC4861].

   These modules together define the so-called core routing data model,
   which is intended as a basis for future data model development
   covering more-sophisticated routing systems.  While these three
   modules can be directly used for simple IP devices with static
   routing (see Appendix B), their main purpose is to provide essential
   building blocks for more-complicated data models involving multiple
   control-plane protocols, multicast routing, additional address
   families, and -19  . . . . . . . . . .  66
     E.8.  Changes Between Versions -17 advanced functions such as route filtering or policy
   routing.  To this end, it is expected that the core routing data
   model will be augmented by numerous modules developed by various IETF
   working groups.

2.  Terminology and -18  . . . . . . . . . .  66
     E.9.  Changes Between Versions -16 Notation

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and -17  . . . . . . . . . .  67
     E.10. Changes Between Versions -15 "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

   The following terms are defined in [RFC6241]:

   o  client

   o  message

   o  protocol operation

   o  server

   The following terms are defined in [RFC7950]:

   o  action
   o  augment

   o  configuration data

   o  container

   o  container with presence

   o  data model

   o  data node

   o  feature

   o  leaf

   o  list

   o  mandatory node

   o  module

   o  schema tree

   o  state data

   o  RPC (Remote Procedure Call) operation

2.1.  Glossary of New Terms

   core routing data model:  YANG data model comprising "ietf-routing",
      "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing", and -16  . . . . . . . . . .  67
     E.11. Changes Between Versions -14 "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing"
      modules.

   direct route:  a route to a directly connected network.

   Routing Information Base (RIB):  An object containing a list of
      routes together with other information.  See Section 5.2 for
      details.

   system-controlled entry:  An entry of a list in state data ("config
      false") that is created by the system independently of what has
      been explicitly configured.  See Section 4.1 for details.

   user-controlled entry:  An entry of a list in state data ("config
      false") that is created and -15  . . . . . . . . . .  68
     E.12. Changes Between Versions -13 deleted as a direct consequence of
      certain configuration changes.  See Section 4.1 for details.

2.2.  Tree Diagrams

   A simplified graphical representation of the complete data tree is
   presented in Appendix A, and -14  . . . . . . . . . .  68
     E.13. Changes Between Versions -12 similar diagrams of its various subtrees
   appear in the main text.

   o  Brackets "[" and -13  . . . . . . . . . .  68
     E.14. Changes Between Versions -11 "]" enclose list keys.

   o  Curly braces "{" and -12  . . . . . . . . . .  69
     E.15. Changes Between Versions -10 "}" contain names of optional features that
      make the corresponding node conditional.

   o  Abbreviations before data node names: "rw" means configuration
      (read-write), "ro" state data (read-only), "-x" RPC operations or
      actions, and -11  . . . . . . . . . .  69
     E.16. Changes Between Versions -09 "-n" notifications.

   o  Symbols after data node names: "?" means an optional node, "!" a
      container with presence, and -10  . . . . . . . . . .  70
     E.17. Changes Between Versions -08 "*" denotes a "list" or "leaf-list".

   o  Parentheses enclose choice and -09  . . . . . . . . . .  70
     E.18. Changes Between Versions -07 and -08  . . . . . . . . . .  70
     E.19. Changes Between Versions -06 and -07  . . . . . . . . . .  70
     E.20. Changes Between Versions -05 and -06  . . . . . . . . . .  71
     E.21. Changes Between Versions -04 and -05  . . . . . . . . . .  71
     E.22. Changes Between Versions -03 and -04  . . . . . . . . . .  72
     E.23. Changes Between Versions -02 and -03  . . . . . . . . . .  72
     E.24. Changes Between Versions -01 and -02  . . . . . . . . . .  73
     E.25. Changes Between Versions -00 case nodes, and -01  . . . . . . . . . .  73
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  74

1.  Introduction

   This document contains case nodes are also
      marked with a specification of the following YANG modules: colon (":").

   o  Module "ietf-routing" provides generic components  Ellipsis ("...") stands for contents of subtrees that are not
      shown.

2.3.  Prefixes in Data Node Names

   In this document, names of a routing data model.

   o  Module "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing" augments the "ietf-routing"
      module with additional nodes, actions, and other data specific to IPv4 unicast.

   o  Module "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing" augments model
   objects are often used without a prefix, as long as it is clear from
   the "ietf-routing" context in which YANG module with additional data specific to IPv6 unicast.  Its
      submodule "ietf-ipv6-router-advertisements" also augments each name is defined.  Otherwise,
   names are prefixed using the
      "ietf-interfaces" [RFC7223] and "ietf-ip" [RFC7277] modules standard prefix associated with
      IPv6 router configuration variables required by [RFC4861].

   These modules together define the so-called core
   corresponding YANG module, as shown in Table 1.

            +--------+---------------------------+-----------+
            | Prefix | YANG module               | Reference |
            +--------+---------------------------+-----------+
            | if     | ietf-interfaces           | [RFC7223] |
            | ip     | ietf-ip                   | [RFC7277] |
            | rt     | ietf-routing              | Section 7 |
            | v4ur   | ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing | Section 8 |
            | v6ur   | ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing | Section 9 |
            | yang   | ietf-yang-types           | [RFC6991] |
            | inet   | ietf-inet-types           | [RFC6991] |
            +--------+---------------------------+-----------+

             Table 1: Prefixes and Corresponding YANG Modules

3.  Objectives

   The initial design of the core routing data model,
   which is intended as a basis for future model was driven by the
   following objectives:

   o  The data model development
   covering more sophisticated routing systems.  While these three
   modules can should be directly used suitable for the common address families
      -- in particular, IPv4 and IPv6 -- and for unicast and multicast
      routing, as well as Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS).

   o  A simple IP devices with static routing (see Appendix B), their main purpose is system, such as one that uses only static
      routing, should be configurable in a simple way, ideally without
      any need to provide essential
   building blocks develop additional YANG modules.

   o  On the other hand, the core routing framework must allow for more
      complicated data models implementations involving multiple
   control plane protocols, multicast routing, additional address
   families, Routing Information
      Bases (RIBs) and advanced functions such multiple control-plane protocols, as route filtering or policy
   routing.  To this end, it is expected that the core well as
      controlled redistributions of routing data
   model information.

   o  Because device vendors will want to map the data models built on
      this generic framework to their proprietary data models and
      configuration interfaces, the framework should be augmented by numerous modules developed by other IETF
   working groups.

2.  Terminology and Notation

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are flexible enough
      to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

   The following terms are defined in [RFC6241]:

   o  client,

   o  message,

   o  protocol operation,

   o  server.

   The following terms are defined in [RFC7950]:

   o  action,

   o  augment,

   o  configuration data,

   o  container,

   o  container with presence,

   o  data model,

   o facilitate that and accommodate data node,

   o  feature,

   o  leaf,

   o  list,

   o  mandatory node,

   o  module,

   o  schema tree,

   o  state data,

   o  RPC operation.

2.1.  Glossary models with different
      logic.

4.  The Design of New Terms the Core Routing Data Model

   The core routing data model:  YANG data model comprising "ietf-routing",
      "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing" consists of three YANG modules and "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing"
      modules.

   direct route:  a route to one
   submodule.  The first module, "ietf-routing", defines the generic
   components of a directly connected network. routing information base (RIB):  An object containing a list of
      routes together with system.  The other information.  See Section 5.2 for
      details.

   system-controlled entry:  An entry of a list in state two modules, "ietf-ipv4-
   unicast-routing" and "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing", augment the "ietf-
   routing" module with additional data ("config
      false") nodes that is created by the system independently of what has
      been explicitly configured.  See Section 4.1 are needed for details.

   user-controlled entry:  An entry of IPv4
   and IPv6 unicast routing, respectively.  The "ietf-ipv6-unicast-
   routing" module has a list in state data ("config
      false") submodule, "ietf-ipv6-router-advertisements",
   that is created augments the "ietf-interfaces" [RFC7223] and deleted as a direct consequence of
      certain "ietf-ip" [RFC7277]
   modules with configuration changes.  See Section 4.1 variables for details.

2.2.  Tree Diagrams

   A simplified graphical representation of the complete data tree is
   presented in Appendix A, and similar diagrams of its various subtrees
   appear in the main text.

   o  Brackets "[" and "]" enclose list keys.

   o  Curly braces "{" IPv6 router advertisements
   as required by [RFC4861].  Figures 1 and "}" contain names 2 show abridged views of optional features that
      make the corresponding node conditional.

   o  Abbreviations before data node names: "rw" means
   configuration
      (read-write), "ro" state data (read-only), "-x" RPC operations or
      actions, and "-n" notifications.

   o  Symbols after state data node names: "?" means an optional node, "!" a
      container with presence, and "*" denotes a "list" or "leaf-list".

   o  Parentheses enclose choice and case nodes, and case nodes are also
      marked with a colon (":").

   o  Ellipsis ("...") stands hierarchies.  See Appendix A for contents of subtrees that are not
      shown.

2.3.  Prefixes in Data Node Names

   In this document, names of data nodes, actions and other data model
   objects are often used without a prefix, as long as it is clear from
   the context in which YANG module each name is defined.  Otherwise,
   names are prefixed using the standard prefix associated with the
   corresponding YANG module, as shown in Table 1.

            +--------+---------------------------+-----------+
            | Prefix | YANG module               | Reference |
            +--------+---------------------------+-----------+
            | if     | ietf-interfaces           | [RFC7223] |
            | ip
   complete data trees.

   +--rw routing
      +--rw router-id?
      +--rw control-plane-protocols
      | ietf-ip  +--rw control-plane-protocol* [type name]
      | [RFC7277]     +--rw type
      |     +--rw name
      | rt     +--rw description?
      | ietf-routing     +--rw static-routes
      | Section 7        +--rw v6ur:ipv6
      |        | v4ur     ...
      | ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing        +--rw v4ur:ipv4
      | Section 8 |
            | v6ur   | ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing | Section 9 |
            | yang   | ietf-yang-types              ...
      +--rw ribs
         +--rw rib* [name]
            +--rw name
            +--rw address-family?
            +--rw description?

                  Figure 1: Configuration Data Hierarchy

   +--ro routing-state
      +--ro router-id?
      +--ro interfaces
      | [RFC6991]  +--ro interface*
      +--ro control-plane-protocols
      |  +--ro control-plane-protocol* [type name]
      | inet     +--ro type
      | ietf-inet-types     +--ro name
      +--ro ribs
         +--ro rib* [name]
            +--ro name
            +--ro address-family
            +--ro default-rib?
            +--ro routes
            | [RFC6991]  +--ro route*
            |
            +--------+---------------------------+-----------+

             Table 1: Prefixes        ...

                      Figure 2: State Data Hierarchy

   As can be seen from Figures 1 and corresponding YANG modules

3.  Objectives

   The initial design of 2, the core routing data model was driven by the
   following objectives:

   o
   introduces several generic components of a routing framework: routes,
   RIBs containing lists of routes, and control-plane protocols.
   Section 5 describes these components in more detail.

4.1.  System-Controlled and User-Controlled List Entries

   The core routing data model should be suitable for the common address families, defines several lists in particular IPv4 and IPv6, and for unicast and multicast
      routing, as well as Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS).

   o  A simple IP routing system, the schema tree,
   such as one "rib", that uses only static
      routing, should have to be configurable populated with at least one entry in a simple way, ideally without
   any need to develop properly functioning device, and additional YANG modules.

   o  On entries may be
   configured by a client.

   In such a list, the other hand, server creates the core routing framework must allow for
      complicated implementations involving multiple routing information
      bases (RIB) and multiple control plane protocols, as well required item as
      controlled redistributions of routing information.

   o  Device vendors will want to map a so-called
   system-controlled entry in state data, i.e., inside the data models built on this
      generic framework to their proprietary data models "routing-
   state" container.

   An example can be seen in Appendix D: the "/routing-state/ribs/rib"
   list has two system-controlled entries named "ipv4-master" and
   "ipv6-master".

   Additional entries may be created in the configuration interfaces.  Therefore, by a client,
   e.g., via the framework should be
      flexible enough to facilitate such NETCONF protocol.  These are so-called user-controlled
   entries.  If the server accepts a mapping and accommodate configured user-controlled entry,
   then this entry also appears in the state data
      models with different logic.

4.  The Design version of the Core Routing Data Model

   The core routing data model consists list.

   Corresponding entries in both versions of three YANG modules the list (in state data and one
   submodule.  The first module, "ietf-routing", defines
   configuration) have the generic
   components same value of the list key.

   A client may also provide supplemental configuration of system-
   controlled entries.  To do so, the client creates a routing system.  The other two modules, "ietf-ipv4-
   unicast-routing" and "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing", augment new entry in the "ietf-
   routing" module
   configuration with additional the desired contents.  In order to bind this entry
   to the corresponding entry in the state data nodes that are needed for IPv4
   and IPv6 unicast routing, respectively.  Module "ietf-ipv6-unicast-
   routing" has a submodule, "ietf-ipv6-router-advertisements", that
   augments list, the key of the "ietf-interfaces" [RFC7223] and "ietf-ip" [RFC7277]
   modules with
   configuration variables for IPv6 router advertisements entry has to be set to the same value as required by [RFC4861].  Figures 1 and 2 show abridged views the key of the
   state entry.

   Deleting a user-controlled entry from the configuration and list results
   in the removal of the corresponding entry in the state data hierarchies.  See Appendix A for list.  In
   contrast, if a system-controlled entry is deleted from the
   complete data trees.

   +--rw routing
      +--rw router-id?
      +--rw control-plane-protocols
      |  +--rw control-plane-protocol* [type name]
      |     +--rw type
      |     +--rw name
      |     +--rw description?
      |     +--rw static-routes
      |        +--rw v6ur:ipv6
      |        |     ...
      |        +--rw v4ur:ipv4
      |              ...
      +--rw ribs
         +--rw rib* [name]
            +--rw name
            +--rw address-family?
            +--rw description?

                  Figure 1: Configuration data hierarchy.

   +--ro routing-state
      +--ro router-id?
      +--ro interfaces
      |  +--ro interface*
      +--ro control-plane-protocols
      |  +--ro control-plane-protocol* [type name]
      |     +--ro type
      |     +--ro name
      +--ro ribs
         +--ro rib* [name]
            +--ro name
            +--ro address-family
            +--ro default-rib?
            +--ro routes
            |  +--ro route*
            |        ...

                      Figure 2: State
   configuration list, only the extra configuration specified in that
   entry is removed but the corresponding state data hierarchy.

   As can be seen from Figures 1 and 2, entry remains in
   the list.

5.  Basic Building Blocks

   This section describes the essential components of the core routing
   data model
   introduces several generic components model.

5.1.  Route

   Routes are basic elements of information in a routing framework: routes,
   RIBs containing lists of routes, and control plane protocols.
   Section 5 describes these components in more detail.

4.1.  System-Controlled and User-Controlled List Entries system.  The
   core routing data model defines several lists in only the schema tree,
   such following minimal set of
   route attributes:

   o  "destination-prefix": address prefix specifying the set of
      destination addresses for which the route may be used.  This
      attribute is mandatory.

   o  "route-preference": an integer value (also known as "rib", administrative
      distance) that have to be populated is used for selecting a preferred route among
      routes with at least one entry in
   any properly functioning device, and additional entries may be
   configured by a client.

   In such a list, the server creates the required item as same destination prefix.  A lower value means a so-called
   system-controlled entry in state data, i.e., inside
      more preferred route.

   o  "next-hop": determines the "routing-
   state" container.

   An example can outgoing interface and/or next-hop
      address(es), or a special operation to be seen in Appendix D: the "/routing-state/ribs/rib"
   list has two system-controlled entries named "ipv4-master" and
   "ipv6-master".

   Additional performed with a packet.

   Routes are primarily state data that appear as entries of RIBs
   (Section 5.2) but they may also be created found in the configuration by a client,
   e.g., via data, for
   example, as manually configured static routes.  In the NETCONF protocol.  These latter case,
   configurable route attributes are so-called user-controlled
   entries.  If the server accepts generally a configured user-controlled entry,
   then this entry also appears in the state data version subset of the list.

   Corresponding entries in both versions attributes
   defined for RIB routes.

5.2.  Routing Information Base (RIB)

   Every implementation of the list (in state core routing data and
   configuration) have the same value of the list key. model manages one or
   more Routing Information Bases (RIBs).  A client may also provide supplemental configuration of system-
   controlled entries.  To do so, the client creates RIB is a new entry in the
   configuration list of routes
   complemented with administrative data.  Each RIB contains only routes
   of one address family.  An address family is represented by an
   identity derived from the desired contents. "rt:address-family" base identity.

   In order to bind this entry
   to the corresponding entry in the core routing data model, RIBs are state data list, the key represented as
   entries of the
   configuration entry has to be set to the same value as the key of the
   state entry.

   Deleting a user-controlled entry from the configuration list results "/routing-state/ribs/rib".  The contents of RIBs
   are controlled and manipulated by control-plane protocol operations
   that may result in route additions, removals, and modifications.
   This also includes manipulations via the removal of "static" and/or "direct"
   pseudo-protocols; see Section 5.3.1.

   For every supported address family, exactly one RIB MUST be marked as
   the corresponding entry in so-called default RIB to which control-plane protocols place
   their routes by default.

   Simple router implementations that do not advertise the state data list.  In
   contrast, if a feature
   "multiple-ribs" will typically create one system-controlled entry is deleted from RIB per
   supported address family and mark it as the
   configuration list, only default RIB.

   More-complex router implementations advertising the extra configuration specified in "multiple-ribs"
   feature support multiple RIBs per address family that
   entry can be used for
   policy routing and other purposes.

   The following action (see Section 7.15 of [RFC7950]) is removed but defined for
   the corresponding state data entry remains in "rib" list:

   o  active-route -- return the list.

5.  Basic Building Blocks

   This section describes active RIB route for the essential components of destination
      address that is specified as the action's input parameter.

5.3.  Control-Plane Protocol

   The core routing data model.

5.1.  Route

   Routes are basic elements of information in a model provides an open-ended framework for
   defining multiple control-plane protocol instances, e.g., for Layer 3
   routing system. protocols.  Each control-plane protocol instance MUST be
   assigned a type, which is an identity derived from the
   "rt:control-plane-protocol" base identity.  The core routing data
   model defines only two identities for the following minimal set direct and static pseudo-
   protocols (Section 5.3.1).

   Multiple control-plane protocol instances of
   route attributes:

   o  "destination-prefix": address prefix specifying the set of
      destination addresses for which the route may be used.  This
      attribute is mandatory.

   o  "route-preference": an integer value (also known as administrative
      distance) that is used for selecting a preferred route among
      routes with the same destination prefix.  A lower value means a
      more preferred route.

   o  "next-hop": determines the outgoing interface and/or next-hop
      address(es), other operation to type MAY be performed with a packet.

   Routes are primarily state
   configured.

5.3.1.  Routing Pseudo-Protocols

   The core routing data model defines two special routing protocol
   types -- "direct" and "static".  Both are in fact pseudo-protocols,
   which means that appear as entries of RIBs
   (Section 5.2) but they may also be found in configuration data, for
   example as manually configured static routes.  In the latter case,
   configurable route attributes are generally a subset of attributes
   defined for RIB routes.

5.2.  Routing Information Base (RIB) confined to the local device and do not
   exchange any routing information with adjacent routers.

   Every implementation of the core routing data model manages MUST provide
   exactly one or
   more routing information bases (RIB).  A RIB instance of the "direct" pseudo-protocol type.  It is a list the
   source of direct routes
   complemented with administrative data.  Each RIB contains only routes
   of one address family.  An for all configured address family is represented families.  Direct
   routes are normally supplied by an
   identity derived from the "rt:address-family" base identity.

   In operating system kernel, based on
   the core routing data model, RIBs are state data represented as
   entries configuration of the list "/routing-state/ribs/rib".  The contents network interface addresses; see Section 6.2.

   A pseudo-protocol of RIBs
   are controlled and manipulated by control plane protocol operations
   which may result in route additions, removals and modifications.
   This also includes manipulations via the type "static" and/or "direct"
   pseudo-protocols, see Section 5.3.1.

   For every supported address family, allows for specifying routes
   manually.  It MAY be configured in zero or multiple instances,
   although a typical configuration will have exactly one RIB MUST be marked as
   the so-called default RIB.  Its role instance.

5.3.2.  Defining New Control-Plane Protocols

   It is explained in Section 5.3.

   Simple router implementations expected that do not advertise the feature
   "multiple-ribs" future YANG modules will typically create one system-controlled RIB per
   supported address family, data models for
   additional control-plane protocol types.  Such a new module has to
   define the protocol-specific configuration and state data, and mark it as the default RIB.

   More complex router implementations advertising has
   to integrate it into the "multiple-ribs"
   feature support multiple RIBs per address family that can be used for
   policy core routing and other purposes.

   The following action (see Section 7.15 of [RFC7950]) is defined for framework in the "rib" list: following way:

   o  active-route -- return the active RIB route  A new identity MUST be defined for the destination
      address that is specified as the action's input parameter.

5.3.  Control Plane Protocol

   The core routing data model provides an open-ended framework for
   defining multiple control plane protocol instances, e.g., for Layer 3
   routing protocols.  Each control plane protocol instance control-plane protocol, and
      its base identity MUST be
   assigned a type, which is set to "rt:control-plane-protocol" or to
      an identity derived from the "rt:control-
   plane-protocol" base identity.  The core routing data model defines
   two identities for the direct and static pseudo-protocols
   (Section 5.3.1).

   Multiple control plane protocol instances of the same type MAY be
   configured.

5.3.1.  Routing Pseudo-Protocols

   The core routing data model defines two special routing protocol
   types -- "direct" and "static".  Both are in fact pseudo-protocols,
   which means that they are confined to the local device and do not
   exchange any routing information with adjacent routers.

   Every implementation of the core routing data model MUST provide
   exactly one instance of the "direct" pseudo-protocol type.  It is the
   source of direct routes for all configured address families.  Direct
   routes are normally supplied by the operating system kernel, based on
   the configuration of network interface addresses, see Section 6.2.

   A pseudo-protocol of the type "static" allows for specifying routes
   manually.  It MAY be configured in zero or multiple instances,
   although a typical configuration will have exactly one instance.

5.3.2.  Defining New Control Plane Protocols

   It is expected that future YANG modules will create data models for
   additional control plane protocol types.  Such a new module has to
   define the protocol-specific configuration and state data, and it has
   to integrate it into the core routing framework in the following way:

   o  A new identity MUST be defined for the control plane protocol and
      its base identity MUST be set to "rt:control-plane-protocol", or
      to an identity derived from "rt:control-plane-protocol".

   o  Additional route attributes "rt:control-plane-protocol".

   o  Additional route attributes MAY be defined, preferably in one
      place by means of defining a YANG grouping.  The new attributes
      have to be inserted by augmenting the definitions of the nodes

       /rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:routes/rt:route

      and

       /rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:output/rt:route,

      and possibly other places in the configuration, state data,
      notifications, and input/output parameters of actions or RPC
      operations.

   o  Configuration parameters and/or state data for the new protocol
      can be defined by augmenting the "control-plane-protocol" data
      node under both "/routing" and "/routing-state".

   By using a "when" statement, the augmented configuration parameters
   and state data specific to the new protocol SHOULD be made
   conditional and valid only if the value of "rt:type" or "rt:source-
   protocol"
   "rt:source-protocol" is equal to (or derived from) the new protocol's
   identity.

   It is also RECOMMENDED that protocol-specific data nodes be
   encapsulated in an appropriately named container with presence.  Such
   a container may contain mandatory data nodes that are otherwise
   forbidden at the top level of an augment.

   The above steps are implemented by the example YANG module for the
   RIP routing protocol
   Routing Information Protocol (RIP) in Appendix C.

5.4.  Parameters of IPv6 Router Advertisements

   YANG module "ietf-ipv6-router-advertisements" (Section 9.1), which is
   a submodule of the "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing" module, augments the
   configuration and state data of IPv6 interfaces with definitions of
   the following variables as required by [RFC4861], sec. 6.2.1: Section 6.2.1 of [RFC4861]:

   o  send-advertisements,  send-advertisements

   o  max-rtr-adv-interval,  max-rtr-adv-interval

   o  min-rtr-adv-interval,  min-rtr-adv-interval

   o  managed-flag,  managed-flag

   o  other-config-flag,  other-config-flag

   o  link-mtu,  link-mtu

   o  reachable-time,  reachable-time

   o  retrans-timer,  retrans-timer

   o  cur-hop-limit,  cur-hop-limit

   o  default-lifetime,  default-lifetime

   o  prefix-list: a list of prefixes to be advertised.

      The following parameters are associated with each prefix in the
      list:

      *  valid-lifetime,  valid-lifetime

      *  on-link-flag,  on-link-flag

      *  preferred-lifetime,  preferred-lifetime

      *  autonomous-flag.  autonomous-flag

   NOTES:

   1.  The "IsRouter" flag, which is also required by [RFC4861], is
       implemented in the "ietf-ip" module [RFC7277] (leaf
       "ip:forwarding").

   2.  The original specification [RFC4861] allows the implementations
       to decide whether the "valid-lifetime" and "preferred-lifetime"
       parameters remain the same in consecutive advertisements, advertisements or
       decrement in real time.  However, the latter behavior seems
       problematic because the values might be reset again to the
       (higher) configured values after a configuration is reloaded.
       Moreover, no implementation is known to use the decrementing
       behavior.  The "ietf-ipv6-router-advertisements" submodule
       therefore stipulates the former behavior with constant values.

6.  Interactions with Other YANG Modules

   The semantics of the core routing data model also depends on several
   configuration parameters that are defined in other YANG modules.

6.1.  Module "ietf-interfaces"

   The following boolean switch is defined in the "ietf-interfaces" YANG
   module [RFC7223]:

   /if:interfaces/if:interface/if:enabled

      If this switch is set to "false" for a network layer network-layer interface,
      then all routing and forwarding functions MUST be disabled on that this
      interface.

6.2.  Module "ietf-ip"

   The following boolean switches are defined in the "ietf-ip" YANG
   module [RFC7277]:

   /if:interfaces/if:interface/ip:ipv4/ip:enabled

      If this switch is set to "false" for a network layer network-layer interface,
      then all IPv4 routing and forwarding functions MUST be disabled on
      that
      this interface.

   /if:interfaces/if:interface/ip:ipv4/ip:forwarding

      If this switch is set to "false" for a network layer network-layer interface,
      then the forwarding of IPv4 datagrams through this interface MUST
      be disabled.  However, the interface MAY participate in other IPv4
      routing functions, such as routing protocols.

   /if:interfaces/if:interface/ip:ipv6/ip:enabled

      If this switch is set to "false" for a network layer network-layer interface,
      then all IPv6 routing and forwarding functions MUST be disabled on
      that
      this interface.

   /if:interfaces/if:interface/ip:ipv6/ip:forwarding

      If this switch is set to "false" for a network layer network-layer interface,
      then the forwarding of IPv6 datagrams through this interface MUST
      be disabled.  However, the interface MAY participate in other IPv6
      routing functions, such as routing protocols.

   In addition, the "ietf-ip" module allows for configuring IPv4 and
   IPv6 addresses and network prefixes or masks on network layer network-layer
   interfaces.  Configuration of these parameters on an enabled
   interface MUST result in an immediate creation of the corresponding
   direct route.  The destination prefix of this route is set according
   to the configured IP address and network prefix/mask, and the
   interface is set as the outgoing interface for that route.

7.  Routing Management YANG Module

   RFC Editor: In this section, replace all occurrences of 'XXXX' with
   the actual RFC number and all occurrences of the revision date below
   with the date of RFC publication (and remove this note).

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-routing@2016-11-03.yang" "ietf-routing@2016-11-04.yang"

   module ietf-routing {

     yang-version "1.1";

     namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-routing";

     prefix "rt";

     import ietf-yang-types {
       prefix "yang";
     }

     import ietf-interfaces {
       prefix "if";
     }

     organization
       "IETF NETMOD (NETCONF Data Modeling Language) Working Group";

     contact
       "WG Web:   <https://tools.ietf.org/wg/netmod/>   <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/netmod/>
        WG List:  <mailto:netmod@ietf.org>
        WG Chair: Lou Berger
                  <mailto:lberger@labn.net>

        WG Chair: Kent Watsen
                  <mailto:kwatsen@juniper.net>

        Editor:   Ladislav Lhotka
                  <mailto:lhotka@nic.cz>

        Editor:   Acee Lindem
                  <mailto:acee@cisco.com>";

     description
       "This YANG module defines essential components for the management
        of a routing subsystem.

        Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
        authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
        without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to
        the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set
        forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
        Relating to IETF Documents
        (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
        (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

        The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL
        NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and
        'OPTIONAL' in the module text are to be interpreted as described
        in RFC 2119 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119). 2119.

        This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX
        (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfcXXXX); 8022;
        see the RFC itself for full legal notices.";

     revision 2016-11-03 2016-11-04 {
       description
         "Initial revision.";
       reference
         "RFC XXXX: 8022: A YANG Data Model for Routing Management";
     }

     /* Features */

     feature multiple-ribs {
       description
         "This feature indicates that the server supports user-defined
          RIBs.

          Servers that do not advertise this feature SHOULD provide
          exactly one system-controlled RIB per supported address family
          and make them it also the default RIBs. These RIBs RIB.  This RIB then appear appears as
          entries an
          entry of the list /routing-state/ribs/rib.";
     }

     feature router-id {
       description
         "This feature indicates that the server supports configuration
          of an explicit 32-bit router ID that is used by some routing
          protocols.

          Servers that do not advertise this feature set a router ID
          algorithmically, usually to one of the configured IPv4
          addresses.  However, this algorithm is implementation-specific."; implementation
          specific.";
     }

     /* Identities */

     identity address-family {
       description
         "Base identity from which identities describing address
          families are derived.";
     }

     identity ipv4 {
       base address-family;
       description
         "This identity represents IPv4 address family.";
     }

     identity ipv6 {
       base address-family;
       description
         "This identity represents IPv6 address family.";
     }

     identity control-plane-protocol {
       description
         "Base identity from which control plane control-plane protocol identities are
          derived.";
     }

     identity routing-protocol {
       base control-plane-protocol;
       description
         "Identity from which Layer 3 routing protocol identities are
          derived.";
     }

     identity direct {
       base routing-protocol;
       description
         "Routing pseudo-protocol that provides routes to directly
          connected networks.";
     }

     identity static {
       base routing-protocol;
       description
         "Static routing pseudo-protocol.";
     }

     /* Type Definitions */

     typedef route-preference {
       type uint32;
       description
         "This type is used for route preferences.";
     }

     /* Groupings */

     grouping address-family {
       description
         "This grouping provides a leaf identifying an address
          family.";
       leaf address-family {
         type identityref {
           base address-family;
         }
         mandatory "true";
         description
           "Address family.";
       }
     }

     grouping router-id {
       description
         "This grouping provides router ID.";
       leaf router-id {
         type yang:dotted-quad;
         description
           "A 32-bit number in the form of a dotted quad that is used by
            some routing protocols identifying a router.";
         reference
           "RFC 2328: OSPF Version 2.";
       }
     }

     grouping special-next-hop {
       description
         "This grouping provides a leaf with an enumeration of special
          next-hops.";
          next hops.";
       leaf special-next-hop {
         type enumeration {
           enum blackhole {
             description
               "Silently discard the packet.";
           }
           enum unreachable {
             description
               "Discard the packet and notify the sender with an error
                message indicating that the destination host is
                unreachable.";
           }
           enum prohibit {
             description
               "Discard the packet and notify the sender with an error
                message indicating that the communication is
                administratively prohibited.";
           }
           enum receive {
             description
               "The packet will be received by the local system.";
           }
         }
         description
           "Special next-hop options.";
           "Options for special next hops.";
       }
     }

     grouping next-hop-content {
       description
         "Generic parameters of next-hops next hops in static routes.";
       choice next-hop-options {
         mandatory "true";
         description
           "Options for next-hops next hops in static routes.

            It is expected that further cases will be added through
            augments from other modules.";
         case simple-next-hop {
           description
             "This case represents a simple next hop consisting of the
              next-hop address and/or outgoing interface.

              Modules for address families MUST augment this case with a
              leaf containing a next-hop address of that address
              family.";
           leaf outgoing-interface {
             type if:interface-ref;
             description
               "Name of the outgoing interface.";
           }
         }
         case special-next-hop {
           uses special-next-hop;
         }
         case next-hop-list {
           container next-hop-list {
             description
               "Container for multiple next-hops.";
             list next-hop {
               key "index";
               description
                 "An entry of a next-hop list.

                  Modules for address families MUST augment this list
                  with a leaf containing a next-hop address of that
                  address family.";
               leaf index {
                 type string;
                 description
                   "An
                   "A user-specified identifier utilised utilized to uniquely
                    reference the next-hop entry in the next-hop list.
                    The value of this index has no semantic meaning
                    other than for referencing the entry.";
               }
               leaf outgoing-interface {
                 type if:interface-ref;
                 description
                   "Name of the outgoing interface.";
               }
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }
     grouping next-hop-state-content {
       description
         "Generic parameters of next-hops next hops in state data.";
       choice next-hop-options {
         mandatory "true";
         description
           "Options for next-hops next hops in state data.

            It is expected that further cases will be added through
            augments from other modules, e.g., for recursive
            next-hops.";
            next hops.";
         case simple-next-hop {
           description
             "This case represents a simple next hop consisting of the
              next-hop address and/or outgoing interface.

              Modules for address families MUST augment this case with a
              leaf containing a next-hop address of that address
              family.";
           leaf outgoing-interface {
             type if:interface-state-ref;
             description
               "Name of the outgoing interface.";
           }
         }
         case special-next-hop {
           uses special-next-hop;
         }
         case next-hop-list {
           container next-hop-list {
             description
               "Container for multiple next-hops."; next hops.";
             list next-hop {
               description
                 "An entry of a next-hop list.

                  Modules for address families MUST augment this list
                  with a leaf containing a next-hop address of that
                  address family.";
               leaf outgoing-interface {
                 type if:interface-state-ref;
                 description
                   "Name of the outgoing interface.";
               }
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }

     grouping route-metadata {
       description
         "Common route metadata.";
       leaf source-protocol {
         type identityref {
           base routing-protocol;
         }
         mandatory "true";
         description
           "Type of the routing protocol from which the route
            originated.";
       }
       leaf active {
         type empty;
         description
           "Presence of this leaf indicates that the route is preferred
            among all routes in the same RIB that have the same
            destination prefix.";
       }
       leaf last-updated {
         type yang:date-and-time;
         description
           "Time stamp of the last modification of the route.  If the
            route was never modified, it is the time when the route was
            inserted into the RIB.";
       }
     }

     /* State data */

     container routing-state {
       config "false";
       description
         "State data of the routing subsystem.";
       uses router-id {
         description
           "Global router ID.

            It may be either configured or assigned algorithmically by
            the implementation.";
       }
       container interfaces {
         description
           "Network layer
           "Network-layer interfaces used for routing.";
         leaf-list interface {
           type if:interface-state-ref;
           description
             "Each entry is a reference to the name of a configured
              network layer
              network-layer interface.";
         }
       }
       container control-plane-protocols {
         description
           "Container for the list of routing protocol instances.";
         list control-plane-protocol {
           key "type name";
           description
             "State data of a control plane control-plane protocol instance.

              An implementation MUST provide exactly one
              system-controlled instance of the 'direct'
              pseudo-protocol.  Instances of other control plane control-plane
              protocols MAY be created by configuration.";
           leaf type {
             type identityref {
               base control-plane-protocol;
             }
             description
               "Type of the control plane control-plane protocol.";
           }
           leaf name {
             type string;
             description
               "The name of the control plane control-plane protocol instance.

                For system-controlled instances this name is persistent,
                i.e., it SHOULD NOT change across reboots.";
           }
         }
       }
       container ribs {
         description
           "Container for RIBs.";
         list rib {
           key "name";
           min-elements "1";
           description
             "Each entry represents a RIB identified by the 'name' key.
              All routes in a RIB MUST belong to the same address
              family.

              An implementation SHOULD provide one system-controlled
              default RIB for each supported address family.";
           leaf name {
             type string;
             description
               "The name of the RIB.";
           }
           uses address-family;
           leaf default-rib {
             if-feature "multiple-ribs";
             type boolean;
             default "true";
             description
               "This flag has the value of 'true' if and only if the RIB
                is the default RIB for the given address family.

                By default, control plane control-plane protocols place their routes
                in the default RIBs.";
           }
           container routes {
             description
               "Current content of the RIB.";
             list route {
               description
                 "A RIB route entry.  This data node MUST be augmented
                  with information specific for routes of each address
                  family.";
               leaf route-preference {
                 type route-preference;
                 description
                   "This route attribute, also known as administrative
                    distance, allows for selecting the preferred route
                    among routes with the same destination prefix.  A
                    smaller value means a more preferred route.";
               }
               container next-hop {
                 description
                   "Route's next-hop attribute.";
                 uses next-hop-state-content;
               }
               uses route-metadata;
             }
           }
           action active-route {
             description
               "Return the active RIB route that is used for the
                destination address.

                Address family specific

                Address-family-specific modules MUST augment input
                parameters with a leaf named 'destination-address'.";
             output {
               container route {
                 description
                   "The active RIB route for the specified destination.

                    If no route exists in the RIB for the destination
                    address, no output is returned.

                    Address family specific

                    Address-family-specific modules MUST augment this
                    container with appropriate route contents.";
                 container next-hop {
                   description
                     "Route's next-hop attribute.";
                   uses next-hop-state-content;
                 }
                 uses route-metadata;
               }
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }

     /* Configuration Data */

     container routing {
       description
         "Configuration parameters for the routing subsystem.";
       uses router-id {
         if-feature "router-id";
         description
           "Configuration of the global router ID.  Routing protocols
            that use router ID can use this parameter or override it
            with another value.";
       }
       container control-plane-protocols {
         description
           "Configuration of control plane control-plane protocol instances.";
         list control-plane-protocol {
           key "type name";
           description
             "Each entry contains configuration of a control plane control-plane
              protocol instance.";
           leaf type {
             type identityref {
               base control-plane-protocol;
             }
             description
               "Type of the control plane control-plane protocol - an identity derived
                from the 'control-plane-protocol' base identity.";
           }
           leaf name {
             type string;
             description
               "An arbitrary name of the control plane control-plane protocol
                instance.";
           }
           leaf description {
             type string;
             description
               "Textual description of the control plane control-plane protocol
                instance.";
           }
           container static-routes {
             when "derived-from-or-self(../type, 'rt:static')" {
               description
                 "This container is only valid for the 'static' routing
                  protocol.";
             }
             description
               "Configuration of the 'static' pseudo-protocol.

                Address-family-specific modules augment this node with
                their lists of routes.";
           }
         }
       }
       container ribs {
         description
           "Configuration of RIBs.";
         list rib {
           key "name";
           description
             "Each entry contains configuration for a RIB identified by
              the 'name' key.

              Entries having the same key as a system-controlled entry
              of the list /routing-state/ribs/rib are used for
              configuring parameters of that entry.  Other entries
              define additional user-controlled RIBs.";
           leaf name {
             type string;
             description
               "The name of the RIB.

                For system-controlled entries, the value of this leaf
                must be the same as the name of the corresponding entry
                in state data.

                For user-controlled entries, an arbitrary name can be
                used.";
           }
           uses address-family {
             description
               "Address family of the RIB.

                It is mandatory for user-controlled RIBs.  For
                system-controlled RIBs it can be omitted, otherwise omitted; otherwise, it
                must match the address family of the corresponding state
                entry.";
             refine "address-family" {
               mandatory "false";
             }
           }
           leaf description {
             type string;
             description
               "Textual description of the RIB.";
           }
         }
       }
     }
   }

   <CODE ENDS>

8.  IPv4 Unicast Routing Management YANG Module

   RFC Editor: In this section, replace all occurrences of 'XXXX' with
   the actual RFC number and all occurrences of the revision date below
   with the date of RFC publication (and remove this note).

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing@2016-11-03.yang" "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing@2016-11-04.yang"

   module ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing {

     yang-version "1.1";

     namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing";

     prefix "v4ur";

     import ietf-routing {
       prefix "rt";
     }

     import ietf-inet-types {
       prefix "inet";
     }
     organization
       "IETF NETMOD (NETCONF Data Modeling Language) Working Group";

     contact
       "WG Web:   <https://tools.ietf.org/wg/netmod/>   <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/netmod/>
        WG List:  <mailto:netmod@ietf.org>

        WG Chair: Lou Berger
                  <mailto:lberger@labn.net>

        WG Chair: Kent Watsen
                  <mailto:kwatsen@juniper.net>

        Editor:   Ladislav Lhotka
                  <mailto:lhotka@nic.cz>

        Editor:   Acee Lindem
                  <mailto:acee@cisco.com>";

     description
       "This YANG module augments the 'ietf-routing' module with basic
        configuration and state data for IPv4 unicast routing.

        Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
        authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
        without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to
        the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set
        forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
        Relating to IETF Documents
        (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
        (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

        The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL
        NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and
        'OPTIONAL' in the module text are to be interpreted as described
        in RFC 2119 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119). 2119.

        This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX
        (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfcXXXX); 8022;
        see the RFC itself for full legal notices.";

     revision 2016-11-03 2016-11-04 {
       description
         "Initial revision.";
       reference
         "RFC XXXX: 8022: A YANG Data Model for Routing Management";
     }
     /* Identities */

     identity ipv4-unicast {
       base rt:ipv4;
       description
         "This identity represents the IPv4 unicast address family.";
     }

     /* State data */

     augment "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:routes/rt:route" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(../../rt:address-family, "
          + "'v4ur:ipv4-unicast')" {
         description
           "This augment is valid only for IPv4 unicast.";
       }
       description
         "This leaf augments an IPv4 unicast route.";
       leaf destination-prefix {
         type inet:ipv4-prefix;
         description
           "IPv4 destination prefix.";
       }
     }

     augment "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:routes/rt:route/"
           + "rt:next-hop/rt:next-hop-options/rt:simple-next-hop" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(../../../rt:address-family, "
          + "'v4ur:ipv4-unicast')" {
         description
           "This augment is valid only for IPv4 unicast.";
       }
       description
         "Augment 'simple-next-hop' case in IPv4 unicast routes.";
       leaf next-hop-address {
         type inet:ipv4-address;
         description
           "IPv4 address of the next-hop."; next hop.";
       }
     }

     augment "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:routes/rt:route/"
           + "rt:next-hop/rt:next-hop-options/rt:next-hop-list/"
           + "rt:next-hop-list/rt:next-hop" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(../../../../../rt:address-family, "
          + "'v4ur:ipv4-unicast')" {
         description
           "This augment is valid only for IPv4 unicast.";
       }
       description
         "This leaf augments the 'next-hop-list' case of IPv4 unicast
          routes.";
       leaf address {
         type inet:ipv4-address;
         description
           "IPv4 address of the next-hop.";
       }
     }

     augment
       "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:active-route/rt:input" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(../rt:address-family, "
          + "'v4ur:ipv4-unicast')" {
         description
           "This augment is valid only for IPv4 unicast RIBs.";
       }
       description
         "This augment adds the input parameter of the 'active-route'
          action.";
       leaf destination-address {
         type inet:ipv4-address;
         description
           "IPv4 destination address.";
       }
     }

     augment "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:active-route/"
           + "rt:output/rt:route" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(../../rt:address-family, "
          + "'v4ur:ipv4-unicast')" {
         description
           "This augment is valid only for IPv4 unicast.";
       }
       description
         "This augment adds the destination prefix to the reply of the
          'active-route' action.";
       leaf destination-prefix {
         type inet:ipv4-prefix;
         description
           "IPv4 destination prefix.";
       }
     }

     augment "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:active-route/"
           + "rt:output/rt:route/rt:next-hop/rt:next-hop-options/"
           + "rt:simple-next-hop" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(../../../rt:address-family, "
          + "'v4ur:ipv4-unicast')" {
         description
           "This augment is valid only for IPv4 unicast.";
       }
       description
         "Augment 'simple-next-hop' case in the reply to the
          'active-route' action.";
       leaf next-hop-address {
         type inet:ipv4-address;
         description
           "IPv4 address of the next-hop."; next hop.";
       }
     }

     augment "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:active-route/"
           + "rt:output/rt:route/rt:next-hop/rt:next-hop-options/"
           + "rt:next-hop-list/rt:next-hop-list/rt:next-hop" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(../../../../../rt:address-family, "
          + "'v4ur:ipv4-unicast')" {
         description
           "This augment is valid only for IPv4 unicast.";
       }
       description
         "Augment 'next-hop-list' case in the reply to the
          'active-route' action.";
       leaf next-hop-address {
         type inet:ipv4-address;
         description
           "IPv4 address of the next-hop."; next hop.";
       }
     }

     /* Configuration data */

     augment "/rt:routing/rt:control-plane-protocols/"
           + "rt:control-plane-protocol/rt:static-routes" {
       description
         "This augment defines the configuration of the 'static'
          pseudo-protocol with data specific to IPv4 unicast.";
       container ipv4 {
         description
           "Configuration of a 'static' pseudo-protocol instance
            consists of a list of routes.";
         list route {
           key "destination-prefix";
           description
             "A list of static routes.";
           leaf destination-prefix {
             type inet:ipv4-prefix;
             mandatory "true";
             description
               "IPv4 destination prefix.";
           }
           leaf description {
             type string;
             description
               "Textual description of the route.";
           }
           container next-hop {
             description
               "Configuration of next-hop.";
             uses rt:next-hop-content {
               augment "next-hop-options/simple-next-hop" {
                 description
                   "Augment 'simple-next-hop' case in IPv4 static
                    routes.";
                 leaf next-hop-address {
                   type inet:ipv4-address;
                   description
                     "IPv4 address of the next-hop."; next hop.";
                 }
               }
               augment "next-hop-options/next-hop-list/next-hop-list/"
                     + "next-hop" {
                 description
                   "Augment 'next-hop-list' case in IPv4 static
                    routes.";
                 leaf next-hop-address {
                   type inet:ipv4-address;
                   description
                     "IPv4 address of the next-hop."; next hop.";
                 }
               }
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }
   }

   <CODE ENDS>

9.  IPv6 Unicast Routing Management YANG Module

   RFC Editor: In this section, replace all occurrences of 'XXXX' with
   the actual RFC number and all occurrences of the revision date below
   with the date of RFC publication (and remove this note).

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing@2016-11-03.yang" "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing@2016-11-04.yang"

   module ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing {

     yang-version "1.1";

     namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing";

     prefix "v6ur";

     import ietf-routing {
       prefix "rt";
     }

     import ietf-inet-types {
       prefix "inet";
     }

     include ietf-ipv6-router-advertisements {
       revision-date 2016-11-03; 2016-11-04;
     }

     organization
       "IETF NETMOD (NETCONF Data Modeling Language) Working Group";

     contact
       "WG Web:   <https://tools.ietf.org/wg/netmod/>   <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/netmod/>
        WG List:  <mailto:netmod@ietf.org>

        WG Chair: Lou Berger
                  <mailto:lberger@labn.net>

        WG Chair: Kent Watsen
                  <mailto:kwatsen@juniper.net>

        Editor:   Ladislav Lhotka
                  <mailto:lhotka@nic.cz>

        Editor:   Acee Lindem
                  <mailto:acee@cisco.com>";

     description
       "This YANG module augments the 'ietf-routing' module with basic
        configuration and state data for IPv6 unicast routing.

        Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
        authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
        without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to
        the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set
        forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
        Relating to IETF Documents
        (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
        (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

        The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL
        NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and
        'OPTIONAL' in the module text are to be interpreted as described
        in RFC 2119 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119). 2119.

        This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX
        (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfcXXXX); 8022;
        see the RFC itself for full legal notices.";

     revision 2016-11-03 2016-11-04 {
       description
         "Initial revision.";
       reference
         "RFC XXXX: 8022: A YANG Data Model for Routing Management";
     }

     /* Identities */

     identity ipv6-unicast {
       base rt:ipv6;
       description
         "This identity represents the IPv6 unicast address family.";
     }

     /* State data */

     augment "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:routes/rt:route" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(../../rt:address-family, "
          + "'v6ur:ipv6-unicast')" {
         description
           "This augment is valid only for IPv6 unicast.";
       }
       description
         "This leaf augments an IPv6 unicast route.";
       leaf destination-prefix {
         type inet:ipv6-prefix;
         description
           "IPv6 destination prefix.";
       }
     }

     augment "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:routes/rt:route/"
           + "rt:next-hop/rt:next-hop-options/rt:simple-next-hop" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(../../../rt:address-family, "
          + "'v6ur:ipv6-unicast')" {
         description
           "This augment is valid only for IPv6 unicast.";
       }
       description
         "Augment 'simple-next-hop' case in IPv6 unicast routes.";
       leaf next-hop-address {
         type inet:ipv6-address;
         description
           "IPv6 address of the next-hop."; next hop.";
       }
     }

     augment "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:routes/rt:route/"
           + "rt:next-hop/rt:next-hop-options/rt:next-hop-list/"
           + "rt:next-hop-list/rt:next-hop" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(../../../../../rt:address-family, "
          + "'v6ur:ipv6-unicast')" {
         description
           "This augment is valid only for IPv6 unicast.";
       }
       description
         "This leaf augments the 'next-hop-list' case of IPv6 unicast
          routes.";
       leaf address {
         type inet:ipv6-address;
         description
           "IPv6 address of the next-hop."; next hop.";
       }
     }

     augment
       "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:active-route/rt:input" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(../rt:address-family, "
          + "'v6ur:ipv6-unicast')" {
         description
           "This augment is valid only for IPv6 unicast RIBs.";
       }
       description
         "This augment adds the input parameter of the 'active-route'
          action.";
       leaf destination-address {
         type inet:ipv6-address;
         description
           "IPv6 destination address.";
       }
     }

     augment "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:active-route/"
           + "rt:output/rt:route" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(../../rt:address-family, "
          + "'v6ur:ipv6-unicast')" {
         description
           "This augment is valid only for IPv6 unicast.";
       }
       description
         "This augment adds the destination prefix to the reply of the
          'active-route' action.";
       leaf destination-prefix {
         type inet:ipv6-prefix;
         description
           "IPv6 destination prefix.";
       }
     }

     augment "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:active-route/"
           + "rt:output/rt:route/rt:next-hop/rt:next-hop-options/"
           + "rt:simple-next-hop" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(../../../rt:address-family, "
          + "'v6ur:ipv6-unicast')" {
         description
           "This augment is valid only for IPv6 unicast.";
       }
       description
         "Augment 'simple-next-hop' case in the reply to the
          'active-route' action.";
       leaf next-hop-address {
         type inet:ipv6-address;
         description
           "IPv6 address of the next-hop."; next hop.";
       }
     }

     augment "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:active-route/"
           + "rt:output/rt:route/rt:next-hop/rt:next-hop-options/"
           + "rt:next-hop-list/rt:next-hop-list/rt:next-hop" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(../../../../../rt:address-family, "
          + "'v6ur:ipv6-unicast')" {
         description
           "This augment is valid only for IPv6 unicast.";
       }
       description
         "Augment 'next-hop-list' case in the reply to the
          'active-route' action.";
       leaf next-hop-address {
         type inet:ipv6-address;
         description
           "IPv6 address of the next-hop."; next hop.";
       }
     }

     /* Configuration data */

     augment "/rt:routing/rt:control-plane-protocols/"
           + "rt:control-plane-protocol/rt:static-routes" {
       description
         "This augment defines the configuration of the 'static'
          pseudo-protocol with data specific to IPv6 unicast.";
       container ipv6 {
         description
           "Configuration of a 'static' pseudo-protocol instance
            consists of a list of routes.";
         list route {
           key "destination-prefix";
           description
             "A list of static routes.";
           leaf destination-prefix {
             type inet:ipv6-prefix;
             mandatory "true";
             description
               "IPv6 destination prefix.";
           }
           leaf description {
             type string;
             description
               "Textual description of the route.";
           }
           container next-hop {
             description
               "Configuration of next-hop.";
             uses rt:next-hop-content {
               augment "next-hop-options/simple-next-hop" {
                 description
                   "Augment 'simple-next-hop' case in IPv6 static
                    routes.";
                 leaf next-hop-address {
                   type inet:ipv6-address;
                   description
                     "IPv6 address of the next-hop."; next hop.";
                 }
               }
               augment "next-hop-options/next-hop-list/next-hop-list/"
                     + "next-hop" {
                 description
                   "Augment 'next-hop-list' case in IPv6 static
                    routes.";
                 leaf next-hop-address {
                   type inet:ipv6-address;
                   description
                     "IPv6 address of the next-hop."; next hop.";
                 }
               }
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }
   }

   <CODE ENDS>

9.1.  IPv6 Router Advertisements Submodule

   RFC Editor: In this section, replace all occurrences of 'XXXX' with
   the actual RFC number and all occurrences of the revision date below
   with the date of RFC publication (and remove this note).

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-ipv6-router-advertisements@2016-11-03.yang" "ietf-ipv6-router-advertisements@2016-11-04.yang"

   submodule ietf-ipv6-router-advertisements {

     yang-version "1.1";

     belongs-to ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing {
       prefix "v6ur";
     }

     import ietf-inet-types {
       prefix "inet";
     }

     import ietf-interfaces {
       prefix "if";
     }

     import ietf-ip {
       prefix "ip";
     }

     organization
       "IETF NETMOD (NETCONF Data Modeling Language) Working Group";
     contact
       "WG Web:   <https://tools.ietf.org/wg/netmod/>   <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/netmod/>
        WG List:  <mailto:netmod@ietf.org>

        WG Chair: Lou Berger
                  <mailto:lberger@labn.net>

        WG Chair: Kent Watsen
                  <mailto:kwatsen@juniper.net>

        Editor:   Ladislav Lhotka
                  <mailto:lhotka@nic.cz>

        Editor:   Acee Lindem
                  <mailto:acee@cisco.com>";

     description
       "This YANG module augments the 'ietf-ip' module with
        configuration and state data of IPv6 router advertisements.

        Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
        authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
        without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to
        the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set
        forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
        Relating to IETF Documents
        (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
        (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

        The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL
        NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and
        'OPTIONAL' in the module text are to be interpreted as described
        in RFC 2119 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119). 2119.

        This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX
        (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfcXXXX); 8022;
        see the RFC itself for full legal notices.";

     reference
       "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6).";

     revision 2016-11-03 2016-11-04 {
       description
         "Initial revision.";
       reference
         "RFC XXXX: 8022: A YANG Data Model for Routing Management";
     }
     /* State data */

     augment "/if:interfaces-state/if:interface/ip:ipv6" {
       description
         "Augment interface state data with parameters of IPv6 router
          advertisements.";
       container ipv6-router-advertisements {
         description
           "Parameters of IPv6 Router Advertisements.";
         leaf send-advertisements {
           type boolean;
           description
             "A flag indicating whether or not the router sends periodic
              Router Advertisements and responds to Router
              Solicitations.";
         }
         leaf max-rtr-adv-interval {
           type uint16 {
             range "4..1800";
           }
           units "seconds";
           description
             "The maximum time allowed between sending unsolicited
              multicast Router Advertisements from the interface.";
         }
         leaf min-rtr-adv-interval {
           type uint16 {
             range "3..1350";
           }
           units "seconds";
           description
             "The minimum time allowed between sending unsolicited
              multicast Router Advertisements from the interface.";
         }
         leaf managed-flag {
           type boolean;
           description
             "The value that is placed in the 'Managed address
              configuration' flag field in the Router Advertisement.";
         }
         leaf other-config-flag {
           type boolean;
           description
             "The value that is placed in the 'Other configuration' flag
              field in the Router Advertisement.";
         }
         leaf link-mtu {
           type uint32;
           description
             "The value that is placed in MTU options sent by the
              router.  A value of zero indicates that no MTU options are
              sent.";
         }
         leaf reachable-time {
           type uint32 {
             range "0..3600000";
           }
           units "milliseconds";
           description
             "The value that is placed in the Reachable Time field in
              the Router Advertisement messages sent by the router.  A
              value of zero means unspecified (by this router).";
         }
         leaf retrans-timer {
           type uint32;
           units "milliseconds";
           description
             "The value that is placed in the Retrans Timer field in the
              Router Advertisement messages sent by the router.  A value
              of zero means unspecified (by this router).";
         }

         leaf cur-hop-limit {
           type uint8;
           description
             "The value that is placed in the Cur Hop Limit field in the
              Router Advertisement messages sent by the router.  A value
              of zero means unspecified (by this router).";
         }
         leaf default-lifetime {
           type uint16 {
             range "0..9000";
           }
           units "seconds";
           description
             "The value that is placed in the Router Lifetime field of
              Router Advertisements sent from the interface, in seconds.
              A value of zero indicates that the router is not to be
              used as a default router.";
         }
         container prefix-list {
           description
             "A list of prefixes that are placed in Prefix Information
              options in Router Advertisement messages sent from the
              interface.

              By default, these are all prefixes that the router
              advertises via routing protocols as being on-link for the
              interface from which the advertisement is sent.";
           list prefix {
             key "prefix-spec";
             description
               "Advertised prefix entry and its parameters.";
             leaf prefix-spec {
               type inet:ipv6-prefix;
               description
                 "IPv6 address prefix.";
             }
             leaf valid-lifetime {
               type uint32;
               units "seconds";
               description
                 "The value that is placed in the Valid Lifetime in the
                  Prefix Information option.  The designated value of
                  all 1's (0xffffffff) represents infinity.

                  An implementation SHOULD keep this value constant in
                  consecutive advertisements except when it is
                  explicitly changed in configuration.";
             }
             leaf on-link-flag {
               type boolean;
               description
                 "The value that is placed in the on-link flag ('L-bit')
                  field in the Prefix Information option.";
             }
             leaf preferred-lifetime {
               type uint32;
               units "seconds";
               description
                 "The value that is placed in the Preferred Lifetime in
                  the Prefix Information option, in seconds.  The
                  designated value of all 1's (0xffffffff) represents
                  infinity.

                  An implementation SHOULD keep this value constant in
                  consecutive advertisements except when it is
                  explicitly changed in configuration.";
             }
             leaf autonomous-flag {
               type boolean;
               description
                 "The value that is placed in the Autonomous Flag field
                  in the Prefix Information option.";
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }

     /* Configuration data */

     augment "/if:interfaces/if:interface/ip:ipv6" {
       description
         "Augment interface configuration with parameters of IPv6 router
          advertisements.";
       container ipv6-router-advertisements {
         description
           "Configuration of IPv6 Router Advertisements.";
         leaf send-advertisements {
           type boolean;
           default "false";
           description
             "A flag indicating whether or not the router sends periodic
              Router Advertisements and responds to Router
              Solicitations.";
           reference
             "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) -
              AdvSendAdvertisements.";
         }
         leaf max-rtr-adv-interval {
           type uint16 {
             range "4..1800";
           }
           units "seconds";
           default "600";
           description
             "The maximum time allowed between sending unsolicited
              multicast Router Advertisements from the interface.";
           reference
             "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) -
              MaxRtrAdvInterval.";
         }
         leaf min-rtr-adv-interval {
           type uint16 {
             range "3..1350";
           }
           units "seconds";
           must ". <= 0.75 * ../max-rtr-adv-interval" {
             description
               "The value MUST NOT be greater than 75 % 75% of
                'max-rtr-adv-interval'.";
           }
           description
             "The minimum time allowed between sending unsolicited
              multicast Router Advertisements from the interface.

              The default value to be used operationally if this leaf is
              not configured is determined as follows:

              - if max-rtr-adv-interval >= 9 seconds, the default
                value is 0.33 * max-rtr-adv-interval;

              - otherwise otherwise, it is 0.75 * max-rtr-adv-interval.";
           reference
             "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) -
              MinRtrAdvInterval.";
         }
         leaf managed-flag {
           type boolean;
           default "false";
           description
             "The value to be placed in the 'Managed address
              configuration' flag field in the Router Advertisement.";
           reference
             "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) -
              AdvManagedFlag.";
         }
         leaf other-config-flag {
           type boolean;
           default "false";
           description
             "The value to be placed in the 'Other configuration' flag
              field in the Router Advertisement.";
           reference
             "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) -
              AdvOtherConfigFlag.";
         }
         leaf link-mtu {
           type uint32;
           default "0";
           description
             "The value to be placed in MTU options sent by the router.
              A value of zero indicates that no MTU options are sent.";
           reference
             "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) -
              AdvLinkMTU.";
         }
         leaf reachable-time {
           type uint32 {
             range "0..3600000";
           }
           units "milliseconds";
           default "0";
           description
             "The value to be placed in the Reachable Time field in the
              Router Advertisement messages sent by the router.  A value
              of zero means unspecified (by this router).";
           reference
             "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) -
              AdvReachableTime.";
         }
         leaf retrans-timer {
           type uint32;
           units "milliseconds";
           default "0";
           description
             "The value to be placed in the Retrans Timer field in the
              Router Advertisement messages sent by the router.  A value
              of zero means unspecified (by this router).";
           reference
             "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) -
              AdvRetransTimer.";
         }
         leaf cur-hop-limit {
           type uint8;
           description
             "The value to be placed in the Cur Hop Limit field in the
              Router Advertisement messages sent by the router.  A value
              of zero means unspecified (by this router).

              If this parameter is not configured, the device SHOULD use
              the value specified in IANA Assigned Numbers that was in
              effect at the time of implementation.";
           reference
             "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) -
              AdvCurHopLimit.

              IANA: IP Parameters,
              http://www.iana.org/assignments/ip-parameters";
         }
         leaf default-lifetime {
           type uint16 {
             range "0..9000";
           }
           units "seconds";
           description
             "The value to be placed in the Router Lifetime field of
              Router Advertisements sent from the interface, in seconds.
              It MUST be either zero or between max-rtr-adv-interval and
              9000 seconds.  A value of zero indicates that the router
              is not to be used as a default router.  These limits may
              be overridden by specific documents that describe how IPv6
              operates over different link layers.

              If this parameter is not configured, the device SHOULD use
              a value of 3 * max-rtr-adv-interval.";
           reference
             "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) -
              AdvDefaultLifeTime.";
         }
         container prefix-list {
           description
             "Configuration of prefixes to be placed in Prefix
              Information options in Router Advertisement messages sent
              from the interface.

              Prefixes that are advertised by default but do not have
              their entries in the child 'prefix' list are advertised
              with the default values of all parameters.

              The link-local prefix SHOULD NOT be included in the list
              of advertised prefixes.";
           reference
             "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) -
              AdvPrefixList.";
           list prefix {
             key "prefix-spec";
             description
               "Configuration of an advertised prefix entry.";
             leaf prefix-spec {
               type inet:ipv6-prefix;
               description
                 "IPv6 address prefix.";
             }
             choice control-adv-prefixes {
               default "advertise";
               description
                 "The
                 "Either the prefix either may be is explicitly removed from the
                  set of advertised prefixes, or the parameters with
                  which it is advertised may be are specified (default case).";
               leaf no-advertise {
                 type empty;
                 description
                   "The prefix will not be advertised.

                    This can be used for removing the prefix from the
                    default set of advertised prefixes.";
               }
               case advertise {
                 leaf valid-lifetime {
                   type uint32;
                   units "seconds";
                   default "2592000";
                   description
                     "The value to be placed in the Valid Lifetime in
                      the Prefix Information option.  The designated
                      value of all 1's (0xffffffff) represents
                      infinity.";
                   reference
                     "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6
                      (IPv6) - AdvValidLifetime.";
                 }
                 leaf on-link-flag {
                   type boolean;
                   default "true";
                   description
                     "The value to be placed in the on-link flag
                      ('L-bit') field in the Prefix Information
                      option.";
                   reference
                     "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6
                      (IPv6) - AdvOnLinkFlag.";
                 }
                 leaf preferred-lifetime {
                   type uint32;
                   units "seconds";
                   must ". <= ../valid-lifetime" {
                     description
                       "This value MUST NOT be greater than
                        valid-lifetime.";
                   }
                   default "604800";
                   description
                     "The value to be placed in the Preferred Lifetime
                      in the Prefix Information option.  The designated
                      value of all 1's (0xffffffff) represents
                      infinity.";
                   reference
                     "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6
                      (IPv6) - AdvPreferredLifetime.";
                 }
                 leaf autonomous-flag {
                   type boolean;
                   default "true";
                   description
                     "The value to be placed in the Autonomous Flag
                      field in the Prefix Information option.";
                   reference
                     "RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6
                      (IPv6) - AdvAutonomousFlag.";
                 }
               }
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }
   }

   <CODE ENDS>

10.  IANA Considerations

   RFC Ed.: In this section, replace all occurrences of 'XXXX' with the
   actual RFC number (and remove this note).

   This document registers the following namespace URIs in the IETF "IETF XML
   registry
   Registry" [RFC3688]:

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-routing
   Registrant Contact: The IESG.
   XML: N/A, N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing
   Registrant Contact: The IESG.
   XML: N/A, N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.
   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing
   Registrant Contact: The IESG.
   XML: N/A, N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.
   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   This document registers the following YANG modules in the YANG "YANG
   Module
   Names Names" registry [RFC6020]:

   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   name:

   Name:         ietf-routing
   namespace:
   Namespace:    urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-routing
   prefix:
   Prefix:       rt
   reference:
   Reference:    RFC XXXX
   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   name: 8022

   Name:         ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing
   namespace:
   Namespace:    urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing
   prefix:
   Prefix:       v4ur
   reference:
   Reference:    RFC XXXX
   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   name: 8022
   Name:         ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing
   namespace:
   Namespace:    urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing
   prefix:
   Prefix:       v6ur
   reference:
   Reference:    RFC XXXX
   -------------------------------------------------------------------- 8022

   This document registers the following YANG submodule in the YANG "YANG
   Module Names Names" registry [RFC6020]:

   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   name:

   Name:         ietf-ipv6-router-advertisements
   parent:
   Module:       ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing
   reference:
   Reference:    RFC XXXX
   -------------------------------------------------------------------- 8022

11.  Security Considerations

   Configuration and state data conforming to the core routing data
   model (defined in this document) are designed to be accessed via a
   management protocol with a secure transport layer, such as NETCONF
   [RFC6241].  The NETCONF access control model [RFC6536] provides the
   means to restrict access for particular NETCONF users to a pre-
   configured
   preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF protocol operations and
   content.

   A number of configuration data nodes defined in the YANG modules
   belonging to the core routing data model are writable/creatable/
   deletable (i.e., "config true" in YANG terms, which is the default).
   These data nodes may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some
   network environments.  Write operations to these data nodes, such as
   "edit-config" in NETCONF, can have negative effects on the network if
   the protocol operations are not properly protected.

   The vulnerable "config true" parameters and subtrees are the
   following:

   /routing/control-plane-protocols/control-plane-protocol:  This list
      specifies the control plane control-plane protocols configured on a device.

   /routing/ribs/rib:  This list specifies the RIBs configured for the
      device.

   Unauthorised

   Unauthorized access to any of these lists can adversely affect the
   routing subsystem of both the local device and the network.  This may
   lead to network malfunctions, delivery of packets to inappropriate
   destinations
   destinations, and other problems.

12.  Acknowledgments

   The authors wish to thank Nitin Bahadur, Martin Bjorklund, Dean
   Bogdanovic, Jeff Haas, Joel Halpern, Wes Hardaker, Sriganesh Kini,
   David Lamparter, Andrew McGregor, Jan Medved, Xiang Li, Stephane
   Litkowski, Thomas Morin, Tom Petch, Yingzhen Qu, Bruno Rijsman,
   Juergen Schoenwaelder, Phil Shafer, Dave Thaler, Yi Yang, Derek Man-
   Kit Yeung and Jeffrey Zhang for their helpful comments and
   suggestions.

13.  References

13.1.

12.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.

   [RFC4861]  Narten, T., Nordmark, E., Simpson, W., and H. Soliman,
              "Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 4861,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4861, September 2007,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4861>.

   [RFC6020]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for
              the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.

   [RFC6241]  Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
              and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
              (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.

   [RFC6991]  Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., "Common YANG Data Types",
              RFC 6991, DOI 10.17487/RFC6991, July 2013,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6991>.

   [RFC7223]  Bjorklund, M., "A YANG Data Model for Interface
              Management", RFC 7223, DOI 10.17487/RFC7223, May 2014,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7223>.

   [RFC7277]  Bjorklund, M., "A YANG Data Model for IP Management",
              RFC 7277, DOI 10.17487/RFC7277, June 2014,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7277>.

   [RFC7950]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",
              RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.

13.2.

12.2.  Informative References

   [RFC6087]  Bierman, A., "Guidelines for Authors and Reviewers of YANG
              Data Model Documents", RFC 6087, DOI 10.17487/RFC6087,
              January 2011, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6087>.

   [RFC6536]  Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration
              Protocol (NETCONF) Access Control Model", RFC 6536,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6536, March 2012,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6536>.

   [RFC7895]  Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "YANG Module
              Library", RFC 7895, DOI 10.17487/RFC7895, June 2016,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7895>.

   [RFC7951]  Lhotka, L., "JSON Encoding of Data Modeled with YANG",
              RFC 7951, DOI 10.17487/RFC7951, August 2016,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7951>.

Appendix A.  The Complete Data Trees

   This appendix presents the complete configuration and state data
   trees of the core routing data model.  See Section 2.2 for an
   explanation of the symbols used.  Data  The data type of every leaf node is
   shown near the right end of the corresponding line.

A.1.  Configuration Data

   +--rw routing
      +--rw router-id?                 yang:dotted-quad
      +--rw control-plane-protocols
      |  +--rw control-plane-protocol* [type name]
      |     +--rw type             identityref
      |     +--rw name             string
      |     +--rw description?     string
      |     +--rw static-routes
      |        +--rw v6ur:ipv6
      |        |  +--rw v6ur:route* [destination-prefix]
      |        |     +--rw v6ur:destination-prefix    inet:ipv6-prefix
      |        |     +--rw v6ur:description?          string
      |        |     +--rw v6ur:next-hop
      |        |        +--rw (v6ur:next-hop-options)
      |        |           +--:(v6ur:simple-next-hop)
      |        |           |  +--rw v6ur:outgoing-interface?
      |        |           |  +--rw v6ur:next-hop-address?
      |        |           +--:(v6ur:special-next-hop)
      |        |           |  +--rw v6ur:special-next-hop?   enumeration
      |        |           +--:(v6ur:next-hop-list)
      |        |              +--rw v6ur:next-hop-list
      |        |                 +--rw v6ur:next-hop* [index]
      |        |                    +--rw v6ur:index              string
      |        |                    +--rw v6ur:outgoing-interface?
      |        |                    +--rw v6ur:next-hop-address?
      |        +--rw v4ur:ipv4
      |           +--rw v4ur:route* [destination-prefix]
      |              +--rw v4ur:destination-prefix    inet:ipv4-prefix
      |              +--rw v4ur:description?          string
      |              +--rw v4ur:next-hop
      |                 +--rw (v4ur:next-hop-options)
      |                    +--:(v4ur:simple-next-hop)
      |                    |  +--rw v4ur:outgoing-interface?
      |                    |  +--rw v4ur:next-hop-address?
      |                    +--:(v4ur:special-next-hop)
      |                    |  +--rw v4ur:special-next-hop?   enumeration
      |                    +--:(v4ur:next-hop-list)
      |                       +--rw v4ur:next-hop-list
      |                          +--rw v4ur:next-hop* [index]
      |                             +--rw v4ur:index              string
      |                             +--rw v4ur:outgoing-interface?
      |                             +--rw v4ur:next-hop-address?
      +--rw ribs
         +--rw rib* [name]
            +--rw name              string
            +--rw address-family?   identityref
            +--rw description?      string

A.2.  State Data

      +--ro routing-state
      |  +--ro router-id?                 yang:dotted-quad
      |  +--ro interfaces
      |  |  +--ro interface*   if:interface-state-ref
      |  +--ro control-plane-protocols
      |  |  +--ro control-plane-protocol* [type name]
      |  |     +--ro type    identityref
      |  |     +--ro name    string
      |  +--ro ribs
      |     +--ro rib* [name]
      |        +--ro name              string
      |        +--ro address-family    identityref
      |        +--ro default-rib?      boolean {multiple-ribs}?
      |        +--ro routes
      |        |  +--ro route*
      |        |     +--ro route-preference?          route-preference
      |        |     +--ro next-hop
      |        |     |  +--ro (next-hop-options)
      |        |     |     +--:(simple-next-hop)
      |        |     |     |  +--ro outgoing-interface?
      |        |     |     |  +--ro v6ur:next-hop-address?
      |        |     |     |  +--ro v4ur:next-hop-address?
      |        |     |     +--:(special-next-hop)
      |        |     |     |  +--ro special-next-hop?        enumeration
      |        |     |     +--:(next-hop-list)
      |        |     |        +--ro next-hop-list
      |        |     |           +--ro next-hop*
      |        |     |              +--ro outgoing-interface?
      |        |     |              +--ro v6ur:address?
      |        |     |              +--ro v4ur:address?
      |        |     +--ro source-protocol            identityref
      |        |     +--ro active?                    empty
      |        |     +--ro last-updated?              yang:date-and-time
      |        |     +--ro v6ur:destination-prefix?   inet:ipv6-prefix
      |        |     +--ro v4ur:destination-prefix?   inet:ipv4-prefix
      |        +---x active-route
      |           +---w input
      |           |  +---w v6ur:destination-address?   inet:ipv6-address
      |           |  +---w v4ur:destination-address?   inet:ipv4-address
      |           +--ro output
      |              +--ro route
      |                 +--ro next-hop
      |                 |  +--ro (next-hop-options)
      |                 |     +--:(simple-next-hop)
      |                 |     |  +--ro outgoing-interface?
      |                 |     |  +--ro v6ur:next-hop-address?
      |                 |     |  +--ro v4ur:next-hop-address?
      |                 |     +--:(special-next-hop)
      |                 |     |  +--ro special-next-hop?     enumeration
      |                 |     +--:(next-hop-list)
      |                 |        +--ro next-hop-list
      |                 |           +--ro next-hop*
      |                 |              +--ro outgoing-interface?
      |                 |              +--ro v6ur:next-hop-address?
      |                 |              +--ro v4ur:next-hop-address?
      |                 +--ro source-protocol            identityref
      |                 +--ro active?                    empty
      |                 +--ro last-updated?           yang:date-and-time
      |                 +--ro v6ur:destination-prefix?  inet:ipv6-prefix
      |                 +--ro v4ur:destination-prefix?  inet:ipv4-prefix

Appendix B.  Minimum Implementation

   Some parts and options of the core routing model, such as user-
   defined RIBs, are intended only for advanced routers.  This appendix
   gives basic non-normative guidelines for implementing a bare minimum
   of available functions.  Such an implementation may be used for hosts
   or very simple routers.

   A minimum implementation does not support the feature "multiple-
   ribs".
   "multiple-ribs".  This means that a single system-controlled RIB is
   available for each supported address family - -- IPv4, IPv6 IPv6, or both.
   These RIBs are also the default RIBs.  No user-controlled RIBs are
   allowed.

   In addition to the mandatory instance of the "direct" pseudo-
   protocol, a minimum implementation should support configuring
   instance(s) of the "static" pseudo-protocol.

   For hosts that are never intended to act as routers, the ability to
   turn on sending IPv6 router advertisements (Section 5.4) should be
   removed.

   Platforms with severely constrained resources may use deviations for
   restricting the data model, e.g., limiting the number of "static"
   control plane
   control-plane protocol instances.

Appendix C.  Example: Adding a New Control Plane Control-Plane Protocol

   This appendix demonstrates how the core routing data model can be
   extended to support a new control plane control-plane protocol.  The YANG module
   "example-rip" shown below is intended as an illustration rather than
   a real definition of a data model for the RIP routing protocol. Routing Information
   Protocol (RIP).  For the sake of brevity, this module does not obey
   all the guidelines specified in [RFC6087].  See also Section 5.3.2.

   module example-rip {

     yang-version "1.1";

     namespace "http://example.com/rip";

     prefix "rip";

     import ietf-interfaces {
       prefix "if";
     }

     import ietf-routing {
       prefix "rt";
     }

     identity rip {
       base rt:routing-protocol;
       description
         "Identity for the RIP routing protocol."; Routing Information Protocol (RIP).";
     }

     typedef rip-metric {
       type uint8 {
         range "0..16";
       }
     }

     grouping route-content {
       description
         "This grouping defines RIP-specific route attributes.";
       leaf metric {
         type rip-metric;
       }
       leaf tag {
         type uint16;
         default "0";
         description
           "This leaf may be used to carry additional info, e.g. AS e.g.,
            autonomous system (AS) number.";
       }
     }

     augment "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:routes/rt:route" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(rt:source-protocol, 'rip:rip')" {
         description
           "This augment is only valid for a routes route whose source
            protocol is RIP.";
       }
       description
         "RIP-specific route attributes.";
       uses route-content;
     }

     augment "/rt:routing-state/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:active-route/"
           + "rt:output/rt:route" {
       description
         "RIP-specific route attributes in the output of 'active-route'
          RPC.";
       uses route-content;
     }

     augment "/rt:routing/rt:control-plane-protocols/"
           + "rt:control-plane-protocol" {
       when "derived-from-or-self(rt:type,'rip:rip')" {
         description
           "This augment is only valid for a routing protocol instance
            of type 'rip'.";
       }
       container rip {
         presence "RIP configuration";
         description
           "RIP instance configuration.";
         container interfaces {
           description
             "Per-interface RIP configuration.";
           list interface {
             key "name";
             description
               "RIP is enabled on interfaces that have an entry in this
                list, unless 'enabled' is set to 'false' for that
                entry.";
             leaf name {
               type if:interface-ref;
             }
             leaf enabled {
               type boolean;
               default "true";
             }
             leaf metric {
               type rip-metric;
               default "1";
             }
           }
         }
         leaf update-interval {
           type uint8 {
             range "10..60";
           }
           units "seconds";
           default "30";
           description
             "Time interval between periodic updates.";
         }
       }
     }
   }

Appendix D.  Data Tree Example

   This section contains an example of an instance data tree in the JSON
   encoding [RFC7951], containing both configuration and state data.
   The data conforms to a data model that is defined by the following
   YANG library specification [RFC7895]:

   {
     "ietf-yang-library:modules-state": {
       "module-set-id": "c2e1f54169aa7f36e1a6e8d0865d441d3600f9c4",
       "module": [
         {
           "name": "ietf-routing",
           "revision": "2016-11-03", "2016-11-04",
           "feature": [
             "multiple-ribs",
             "router-id"
           ],
           "namespace": "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-routing",
           "conformance-type": "implement"
         },
         {
           "name": "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing",
           "revision": "2016-11-03", "2016-11-04",
           "namespace":
             "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing",
           "conformance-type": "implement"
         },
         {
           "name": "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing",
           "revision": "2016-11-03", "2016-11-04",
           "namespace":
             "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing",
           "conformance-type": "implement"
         },
         {
           "name": "ietf-interfaces",
           "revision": "2014-05-08",
           "namespace": "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-interfaces",
           "conformance-type": "implement"
         },
         {
           "name": "ietf-inet-types",
           "namespace": "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-inet-types",
           "revision": "2013-07-15",
           "conformance-type": "import"
         },
         {
           "name": "ietf-yang-types",
           "namespace": "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-types",
           "revision": "2013-07-15",
           "conformance-type": "import"
         },
         {
           "name": "iana-if-type",
           "namespace": "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-if-type",
           "revision": "",
           "conformance-type": "implement"
         },
         {
           "name": "ietf-ip",
           "revision": "2014-06-16",
           "namespace": "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ip",
           "conformance-type": "implement"
         }
       ]
     }
   }
   A simple network set-up setup as shown in Figure 3 is assumed: router "A"
   uses static default routes with the "ISP" router as the next-hop. next hop.
   IPv6 router advertisements are configured only on the "eth1"
   interface and disabled on the upstream "eth0" interface.

                   +-----------------+
                   |                 |
                   |    Router ISP   |
                   |                 |
                   +--------+--------+
                            |2001:db8:0:1::2
                            |192.0.2.2
                            |
                            |
                            |2001:db8:0:1::1
                        eth0|192.0.2.1
                   +--------+--------+
                   |                 |
                   |     Router A    |
                   |                 |
                   +--------+--------+
                        eth1|198.51.100.1
                            |2001:db8:0:2::1
                            |

                Figure 3: Example network configuration of Network Configuration

   The instance data tree could then be as follows:

   {
     "ietf-interfaces:interfaces": {
       "interface": [
         {
           "name": "eth0",
           "type": "iana-if-type:ethernetCsmacd",
           "description": "Uplink to ISP.",
           "ietf-ip:ipv4": {
             "address": [
               {
                 "ip": "192.0.2.1",
                 "prefix-length": 24
               }
             ],
             "forwarding": true
           },
           "ietf-ip:ipv6": {
             "address": [
               {
                 "ip": "2001:0db8:0:1::1",
                 "prefix-length": 64
               }
             ],
             "forwarding": true,
             "autoconf": {
               "create-global-addresses": false
             }
           }
         },
         {
           "name": "eth1",
           "type": "iana-if-type:ethernetCsmacd",
           "description": "Interface to the internal network.",
           "ietf-ip:ipv4": {
             "address": [
               {
                 "ip": "198.51.100.1",
                 "prefix-length": 24
               }
             ],
             "forwarding": true
           },
           "ietf-ip:ipv6": {
             "address": [
               {
                 "ip": "2001:0db8:0:2::1",
                 "prefix-length": 64
               }
             ],
             "forwarding": true,
             "autoconf": {
               "create-global-addresses": false
             },
             "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:ipv6-router-advertisements": {
               "send-advertisements": true
             }
           }
         }
       ]
     },
     "ietf-interfaces:interfaces-state": {
       "interface": [
         {
           "name": "eth0",
           "type": "iana-if-type:ethernetCsmacd",
           "phys-address": "00:0C:42:E5:B1:E9",
           "oper-status": "up",
           "statistics": {
             "discontinuity-time": "2015-10-24T17:11:27+02:00"
           },
           "ietf-ip:ipv4": {
             "forwarding": true,
             "mtu": 1500,
             "address": [
               {
                 "ip": "192.0.2.1",
                 "prefix-length": 24
               }
             ]
           },
           "ietf-ip:ipv6": {
             "forwarding": true,
             "mtu": 1500,
             "address": [
               {
                 "ip": "2001:0db8:0:1::1",
                 "prefix-length": 64
               }
             ],
             "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:ipv6-router-advertisements": {
               "send-advertisements": true,
               "prefix-list": {
                 "prefix": [
                   {
                     "prefix-spec": "2001:db8:0:2::/64"
                   }
                 ]
               } false
             }
           }
         },
         {
           "name": "eth1",
           "type": "iana-if-type:ethernetCsmacd",
           "phys-address": "00:0C:42:E5:B1:EA",
           "oper-status": "up",
           "statistics": {
             "discontinuity-time": "2015-10-24T17:11:29+02:00"
           },
           "ietf-ip:ipv4": {
             "forwarding": true,
             "mtu": 1500,
             "address": [
               {
                 "ip": "198.51.100.1",
                 "prefix-length": 24
               }
             ]
           },
           "ietf-ip:ipv6": {
             "forwarding": true,
             "mtu": 1500,
             "address": [
               {
                 "ip": "2001:0db8:0:2::1",
                 "prefix-length": 64
               }
             ],
             "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:ipv6-router-advertisements": {
               "send-advertisements": true,
               "prefix-list": {
                 "prefix": [
                   {
                     "prefix-spec": "2001:db8:0:2::/64"
                   }
                 ]
               }
             }
           }
         }
       ]
     },
     "ietf-routing:routing": {
       "router-id": "192.0.2.1",
       "control-plane-protocols": {
         "control-plane-protocol": [
           {
             "type": "ietf-routing:static",
             "name": "st0",
             "description":
               "Static routing is used for the internal network.",
             "static-routes": {
               "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:ipv4": {
                 "route": [
                   {
                     "destination-prefix": "0.0.0.0/0",
                     "next-hop": {
                       "next-hop-address": "192.0.2.2"
                     }
                   }
                 ]
               },
               "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:ipv6": {
                 "route": [
                   {
                     "destination-prefix": "::/0",
                     "next-hop": {
                       "next-hop-address": "2001:db8:0:1::2"
                     }
                   }
                 ]
               }
             }
           }
         ]
       }
     },
     "ietf-routing:routing-state": {
       "interfaces": {
         "interface": [
           "eth0",
           "eth1"
         ]
       },
       "control-plane-protocols": {
         "control-plane-protocol": [
           {
             "type": "ietf-routing:static",
             "name": "st0"
           }
         ]
       },
       "ribs": {
         "rib": [
           {
             "name": "ipv4-master",
             "address-family":
               "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:ipv4-unicast",
             "default-rib": true,
             "routes": {
               "route": [
                 {
                   "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:destination-prefix":
                     "192.0.2.1/24",
                   "next-hop": {
                     "outgoing-interface": "eth0"
                   },
                   "route-preference": 0,
                   "source-protocol": "ietf-routing:direct",
                   "last-updated": "2015-10-24T17:11:27+02:00"
                 },
                 {
                   "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:destination-prefix":
                     "198.51.100.0/24",
                   "next-hop": {
                     "outgoing-interface": "eth1"
                   },
                   "source-protocol": "ietf-routing:direct",
                   "route-preference": 0,
                   "last-updated": "2015-10-24T17:11:27+02:00"
                 },
                 {
                   "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:destination-prefix":
                     "0.0.0.0/0",
                   "source-protocol": "ietf-routing:static",
                   "route-preference": 5,
                   "next-hop": {
                     "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:next-hop-address":
                       "192.0.2.2"
                   },
                   "last-updated": "2015-10-24T18:02:45+02:00"
                 }
               ]
             }
           },
           {
             "name": "ipv6-master",
             "address-family":
               "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:ipv6-unicast",
             "default-rib": true,
             "routes": {
               "route": [
                 {
                   "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:destination-prefix":
                     "2001:db8:0:1::/64",
                   "next-hop": {
                     "outgoing-interface": "eth0"
                   },
                   "source-protocol": "ietf-routing:direct",
                   "route-preference": 0,
                   "last-updated": "2015-10-24T17:11:27+02:00"
                 },
                 {
                   "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:destination-prefix":
                     "2001:db8:0:2::/64",
                   "next-hop": {
                     "outgoing-interface": "eth1"
                   },
                   "source-protocol": "ietf-routing:direct",
                   "route-preference": 0,
                   "last-updated": "2015-10-24T17:11:27+02:00"
                 },
                 {
                   "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:destination-prefix":

                     "::/0",
                   "next-hop": {
                     "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:next-hop-address":
                       "2001:db8:0:1::2"
                   },
                   "source-protocol": "ietf-routing:static",
                   "route-preference": 5,
                   "last-updated": "2015-10-24T18:02:45+02:00"
                 }
               ]
             }
           }
         ]
       }
     }
   }

Appendix E.  Change Log

   RFC Editor: Remove this section upon publication as an RFC.

E.1.  Changes Between Versions -24 and -25

   o  Minor edits based on IETF Last Call reviews.

E.2.  Changes Between Versions -23 and -24

   o  Fix paths in "when" expressions due to errata 4749 of RFC 7950.

E.3.  Changes Between Versions -22 and -23

   o  Removed "route-tag" feature.

   o  Removed next-hop classifiers.

   o  Fixed invalid when expressions in augments.

   o  In simple-next-hop, an address, outgoing interface or both can be
      specified.

   o  RPC "fib-route" changed into RIB action "active-route".

   o  The requirement that direct routes be always placed in default
      RIBs.

E.4.  Changes Between Versions -21 and -22

   o  Added "next-hop-list" as a new case of the "next-hop-options"
      choice.

   o  Renamed "routing protocol" to "control plane protocol" in both the
      YANG modules and I-D text.

E.5.  Changes Between Versions -20 and -21

   o  Routing instances were removed.

   o  IPv6 RA parameters were moved to the "ietf-ipv6-router-
      advertisements".

E.6.  Changes Between Versions -19 and -20

   o  Assignment of L3 interfaces to routing instances is now part of
      interface configuration.

   o  Next-hop options in configuration were aligned with state data.

   o  It is recommended to enclose protocol-specific configuration in a
      presence container.

E.7.  Changes Between Versions -18 and -19

   o  The leaf "route-preference" was removed from the "routing-
      protocol" container in both "routing" and "routing-state".

   o  The "vrf-routing-instance" identity was added in support of a
      common routing-instance type in addition to the "default-routing-
      instance".

   o  Removed "enabled" switch from "routing-protocol".

E.8.  Changes Between Versions -17 and -18

   o  The container "ribs" was moved under "routing-instance" (in both
      "routing" and "routing-state").

   o  Typedefs "rib-ref" and "rib-state-ref" were removed.

   o  Removed "recipient-ribs" (both state and configuration).

   o  Removed "connected-ribs" from "routing-protocol" (both state and
      configuration).

   o  Configuration and state data for IPv6 RA were moved under
      "if:interface" and "if:interface-state".

   o  Assignment of interfaces to routing instances now use leaf-list
      rather than list (both config and state).  The opposite reference
      from "if:interface" to "rt:routing-instance" was changed to a
      single leaf (an interface cannot belong to multiple routing
      instances).

   o  Specification of a default RIB is now a simple flag under "rib"
      (both config and state).

   o  Default RIBs are marked by a flag in state data.

E.9.  Changes Between Versions -16 and -17

   o  Added Acee as a co-author.

   o  Removed all traces of route filters.

   o  Removed numeric IDs of list entries in state data.

   o  Removed all next-hop cases except "simple-next-hop" and "special-
      next-hop".

   o  Removed feature "multipath-routes".

   o  Augmented "ietf-interfaces" module with a leaf-list of leafrefs
      pointing form state data of an interface entry to the routing
      instance(s) to which the interface is assigned.

E.10.  Changes Between Versions -15 and -16

   o  Added 'type' as the second key component of 'routing-protocol',
      both in configuration and state data.

   o  The restriction of no more than one connected RIB per address
      family was removed.

   o  Removed the 'id' key of routes in RIBs.  This list has no keys
      anymore.

   o  Remove the 'id' key from static routes and make 'destination-
      prefix' the only key.

   o  Added 'route-preference' as a new attribute of routes in RIB.

   o  Added 'active' as a new attribute of routes in RIBs.

   o  Renamed RPC operation 'active-route' to 'fib-route'.

   o  Added 'route-preference' as a new parameter of routing protocol
      instances, both in configuration and state data.

   o  Renamed identity 'rt:standard-routing-instance' to 'rt:default-
      routing-instance'.

   o  Added next-hop lists to state data.

   o  Added two cases for specifying next-hops indirectly - via a new
      RIB or a recursive list of next-hops.

   o  Reorganized next-hop in static routes.

   o  Removed all 'if-feature' statements from state data.

E.11.  Changes Between Versions -14 and -15

   o  Removed all defaults from state data.

   o  Removed default from 'cur-hop-limit' in config.

E.12.  Changes Between Versions -13 and -14

   o  Removed dependency of 'connected-ribs' on the 'multiple-ribs'
      feature.

   o  Removed default value of 'cur-hop-limit' in state data.

   o  Moved parts of descriptions and all references on IPv6 RA
      parameters from state data to configuration.

   o  Added reference to RFC 6536 in the Security section.

E.13.  Changes Between Versions -12 and -13

   o  Wrote appendix about minimum implementation.

   o  Remove "when" statement for IPv6 router interface state data - it
      was dependent on a config value that may not be present.

   o  Extra container for the next-hop list.

   o  Names rather than numeric ids are used for referring to list
      entries in state data.

   o  Numeric ids are always declared as mandatory and unique.  Their
      description states that they are ephemeral.

   o  Descriptions of "name" keys in state data lists are required to be
      persistent.

   o

   o  Removed "if-feature multiple-ribs;" from connected-ribs.

   o  "rib-name" instead of "name" is used as the name of leafref nodes.

   o  "next-hop" instead of "nexthop" or "gateway" used throughout, both
      in node names and text.

E.14.  Changes Between Versions -11 and -12

   o  Removed feature "advanced-router" and introduced two features
      instead: "multiple-ribs" and "multipath-routes".

   o  Unified the keys of config and state versions of "routing-
      instance" and "rib" lists.

   o  Numerical identifiers of state list entries are not keys anymore,
      but they are constrained using the "unique" statement.

   o  Updated acknowledgements.

E.15.  Changes Between Versions -10 and -11

   o  Migrated address families from IANA enumerations to identities.

   o  Terminology and node names aligned with the I2RS RIB model: router
      -> routing instance, routing table -> RIB.

   o  Introduced uint64 keys for state lists: routing-instance, rib,
      route, nexthop.

   o  Described the relationship between system-controlled and user-
      controlled list entries.

   o  Feature "user-defined-routing-tables" changed into "advanced-
      router".

   o  Made nexthop into a choice in order to allow for nexthop-list
      (I2RS requirement).

   o  Added nexthop-list with entries having priorities (backup) and
      weights (load balancing).

   o  Updated bibliography references.

E.16.  Changes Between Versions -09 and -10

   o  Added subtree for state data ("/routing-state").

   o  Terms "system-controlled entry" and "user-controlled entry"
      defined and used.

   o  New feature "user-defined-routing-tables".  Nodes that are useful
      only with user-defined routing tables are now conditional.

   o  Added grouping "router-id".

   o  In routing tables, "source-protocol" attribute of routes now
      reports only protocol type, and its datatype is "identityref".

   o  Renamed "main-routing-table" to "default-routing-table".

E.17.  Changes Between Versions -08 and -09

   o  Fixed "must" expression for "connected-routing-table".

   o  Simplified "must" expression for "main-routing-table".

   o  Moved per-interface configuration of a new routing protocol under
      'routing-protocol'.  This also affects the 'example-rip' module.

E.18.  Changes Between Versions -07 and -08

   o  Changed reference from RFC6021 to RFC6021bis.

E.19.  Changes Between Versions -06 and -07

   o  The contents of <get-reply> in Appendix D was updated: "eth[01]"
      is used as the value of "location", and "forwarding" is on for
      both interfaces and both IPv4 and IPv6.

   o  The "must" expression for "main-routing-table" was modified to
      avoid redundant error messages reporting address family mismatch
      when "name" points to a non-existent routing table.

   o  The default behavior for IPv6 RA prefix advertisements was
      clarified.

   o  Changed type of "rt:router-id" to "ip:dotted-quad".

   o  Type of "rt:router-id" changed to "yang:dotted-quad".

   o  Fixed missing prefixes in XPath expressions.

E.20.  Changes Between Versions -05 and -06

   o  Document title changed: "Configuration" was replaced by
      "Management".

   o  New typedefs "routing-table-ref" and "route-filter-ref".

   o  Double slashes "//" were removed from XPath expressions and
      replaced with the single "/".

   o  Removed uniqueness requirement for "router-id".

   o  Complete data tree is now in Appendix A.

   o  Changed type of "source-protocol" from "leafref" to "string".

   o  Clarified the relationship between routing protocol instances and
      connected routing tables.

   o  Added a must constraint saying that a routing table connected to
      the direct pseudo-protocol must not be a main routing table.

E.21.  Changes Between Versions -04 and -05

   o  Routing tables are now global, i.e., "routing-tables" is a child
      of "routing" rather than "router".

   o  "must" statement for "static-routes" changed to "when".

   o  Added "main-routing-tables" containing references to main routing
      tables for each address family.

   o  Removed the defaults for "address-family" and "safi" and made them
      mandatory.

   o  Removed the default for route-filter/type and made this leaf
      mandatory.

   o  If there is no active route for a given destination, the "active-
      route" RPC returns no output.

   o  Added "enabled" switch under "routing-protocol".

   o  Added "router-type" identity and "type" leaf under "router".

   o  Route attribute "age" changed to "last-updated", its type is
      "yang:date-and-time".

   o  The "direct" pseudo-protocol is always connected to main routing
      tables.

   o  Entries in the list of connected routing tables renamed from
      "routing-table" to "connected-routing-table".

   o  Added "must" constraint saying that a
                 "prefix-length": 24
               }
             ]
           },
           "ietf-ip:ipv6": {
             "forwarding": true,
             "mtu": 1500,
             "address": [
               {
                 "ip": "2001:0db8:0:2::1",
                 "prefix-length": 64
               }
             ],
             "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:ipv6-router-advertisements": {
               "send-advertisements": true,
               "prefix-list": {
                 "prefix": [
                   {
                     "prefix-spec": "2001:db8:0:2::/64"
                   }
                 ]
               }
             }
           }
         }
       ]
     },
     "ietf-routing:routing": {
       "router-id": "192.0.2.1",
       "control-plane-protocols": {
         "control-plane-protocol": [
           {
             "type": "ietf-routing:static",
             "name": "st0",
             "description":
               "Static routing table must not be
      its own recipient.

E.22.  Changes Between Versions -03 and -04

   o  Changed "error-tag" for both RPC operations from "missing element"
      to "data-missing".

   o  Removed the decrementing behavior for advertised IPv6 prefix
      parameters "valid-lifetime" and "preferred-lifetime".

   o  Changed the key of the static route lists from "seqno" to "id"
      because the routes needn't be sorted.

   o  Added 'must' constraint saying that "preferred-lifetime" must not
      be greater than "valid-lifetime".

E.23.  Changes Between Versions -02 and -03

   o  Module "iana-afn-safi" moved to I-D "iana-if-type".

   o  Removed forwarding table.

   o  RPC "get-route" changed to "active-route".  Its output is a list
      of routes (for multi-path routing).

   o  New RPC "route-count".

   o  For both RPCs, specification of negative responses was added.

   o  Relaxed separation of router instances.

   o  Assignment of interfaces to router instances needn't be disjoint.

   o  Route filters are now global.

   o  Added "allow-all-route-filter" used for symmetry.

   o  Added Section 6 about interactions with "ietf-interfaces" and
      "ietf-ip".

   o  Added "router-id" leaf.

   o  Specified the names for IPv4/IPv6 unicast main routing tables.

   o  Route parameter "last-modified" changed to "age".

   o  Added container "recipient-routing-tables".

E.24.  Changes Between Versions -01 and -02

   o  Added module "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing".

   o internal network.",
             "static-routes": {
               "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:ipv4": {
                 "route": [
                   {
                     "destination-prefix": "0.0.0.0/0",
                     "next-hop": {
                       "next-hop-address": "192.0.2.2"
                     }
                   }
                 ]
               },
               "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:ipv6": {
                 "route": [
                   {
                     "destination-prefix": "::/0",
                     "next-hop": {
                       "next-hop-address": "2001:db8:0:1::2"
                     }
                   }
                 ]
               }
             }
           }
         ]
       }
     },
     "ietf-routing:routing-state": {
       "interfaces": {
         "interface": [
           "eth0",
           "eth1"
         ]
       },
       "control-plane-protocols": {
         "control-plane-protocol": [
           {
             "type": "ietf-routing:static",
             "name": "st0"
           }
         ]
       },
       "ribs": {
         "rib": [
           {
             "name": "ipv4-master",
             "address-family":
               "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:ipv4-unicast",
             "default-rib": true,
             "routes": {
               "route": [
                 {
                   "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:destination-prefix":
                     "192.0.2.1/24",
                   "next-hop": {
                     "outgoing-interface": "eth0"
                   },
                   "route-preference": 0,
                   "source-protocol": "ietf-routing:direct",
                   "last-updated": "2015-10-24T17:11:27+02:00"
                 },
                 {
                   "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:destination-prefix":
                     "198.51.100.0/24",
                   "next-hop": {
                     "outgoing-interface": "eth1"
                   },
                   "source-protocol": "ietf-routing:direct",
                   "route-preference": 0,
                   "last-updated": "2015-10-24T17:11:27+02:00"
                 },
                 {
                   "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:destination-prefix":
                     "0.0.0.0/0",
                   "source-protocol": "ietf-routing:static",
                   "route-preference": 5,
                   "next-hop": {
                     "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:next-hop-address":
                       "192.0.2.2"
                   },
                   "last-updated": "2015-10-24T18:02:45+02:00"
                 }
               ]
             }
           },
           {
             "name": "ipv6-master",
             "address-family":
               "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:ipv6-unicast",
             "default-rib": true,
             "routes": {
               "route": [
                 {
                   "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:destination-prefix":
                     "2001:db8:0:1::/64",
                   "next-hop": {
                     "outgoing-interface": "eth0"
                   },
                   "source-protocol": "ietf-routing:direct",
                   "route-preference": 0,
                   "last-updated": "2015-10-24T17:11:27+02:00"
                 },
                 {
                   "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:destination-prefix":
                     "2001:db8:0:2::/64",
                   "next-hop": {
                     "outgoing-interface": "eth1"
                   },
                   "source-protocol": "ietf-routing:direct",
                   "route-preference": 0,
                   "last-updated": "2015-10-24T17:11:27+02:00"
                 },
                 {
                   "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:destination-prefix":
                     "::/0",
                   "next-hop": {
                     "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:next-hop-address":
                       "2001:db8:0:1::2"
                   },
                   "source-protocol": "ietf-routing:static",
                   "route-preference": 5,
                   "last-updated": "2015-10-24T18:02:45+02:00"
                 }
               ]
             }
           }
         ]
       }
     }
   }

Acknowledgments

   The example in Appendix D now uses IP addresses from blocks
      reserved for documentation.

   o  Direct routes appear by default in the forwarding table.

   o  Network layer interfaces must be assigned authors wish to a router instance.
      Additional interface configuration may be present.

   o  The "when" statement is only used with "augment", "must" is used
      elsewhere.

   o  Additional "must" statements were added.

   o  The "route-content" grouping for IPv4 and IPv6 unicast now
      includes the material from the "ietf-routing" version via "uses
      rt:route-content".

   o  Explanation of symbols in the tree representation of data model
      hierarchy.

E.25.  Changes Between Versions -00 thank Nitin Bahadur, Martin Bjorklund, Dean
   Bogdanovic, Jeff Haas, Joel Halpern, Wes Hardaker, Sriganesh Kini,
   David Lamparter, Andrew McGregor, Jan Medved, Xiang Li, Stephane
   Litkowski, Thomas Morin, Tom Petch, Yingzhen Qu, Bruno Rijsman,
   Juergen Schoenwaelder, Phil Shafer, Dave Thaler, Yi Yang,
   Derek Man-Kit Yeung, and -01

   o  AFN/SAFI-independent stuff was moved to the "ietf-routing" module.

   o  Typedefs Jeffrey Zhang for AFN their helpful comments and SAFI were placed in a separate "iana-afn-
      safi" module.

   o  Names of some data nodes were changed, in particular "routing-
      process" is now "router".

   o  The restriction of a single AFN/SAFI per router was lifted.

   o  RPC operation "delete-route" was removed.

   o  Illegal XPath references from "get-route" to the datastore were
      fixed.

   o  Section "Security Considerations" was written.
   suggestions.

Authors' Addresses

   Ladislav Lhotka
   CZ.NIC

   Email: lhotka@nic.cz

   Acee Lindem
   Cisco Systems

   Email: acee@cisco.com