rfc9317v3.txt   rfc9317.txt 
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The inclusion of advertising alongside or interspersed with streaming The inclusion of advertising alongside or interspersed with streaming
media content is common in today's media landscape. media content is common in today's media landscape.
Some commonly used forms of advertising can introduce potential user Some commonly used forms of advertising can introduce potential user
experience issues for a media stream. This section provides a very experience issues for a media stream. This section provides a very
brief overview of a complex and rapidly evolving space. brief overview of a complex and rapidly evolving space.
The same techniques used to allow a media player to switch between The same techniques used to allow a media player to switch between
renditions of different bitrates at segment boundaries can also be renditions of different bitrates at segment boundaries can also be
used to enable the dynamic insertion of ads (hereafter referred to as used to enable the dynamic insertion of advertisements (hereafter
"ads"), but this does not mean that the insertion of ads has no referred to as "ads"), but this does not mean that the insertion of
effect on the user's quality of experience. ads has no effect on the user's quality of experience.
Ads may be inserted with either Client-side Ad Insertion (CSAI) or Ads may be inserted with either Client-side Ad Insertion (CSAI) or
Server-side Ad Insertion (SSAI). In CSAI, the ABR manifest will Server-side Ad Insertion (SSAI). In CSAI, the ABR manifest will
generally include links to an external ad server for some segments of generally include links to an external ad server for some segments of
the media stream, while in SSAI, the server will remain the same the media stream, while in SSAI, the server will remain the same
during ads but will include media segments that contain the during ads but will include media segments that contain the
advertising. In SSAI, the media segments may or may not be sourced advertising. In SSAI, the media segments may or may not be sourced
from an external ad server like with CSAI. from an external ad server like with CSAI.
In general, the more targeted the ad request is, the more requests In general, the more targeted the ad request is, the more requests
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[BEHAVE2] Goldfarb, A. and C. E. Tucker, "Online advertising, [BEHAVE2] Goldfarb, A. and C. E. Tucker, "Online advertising,
behavioral targeting, and privacy", Communications of the behavioral targeting, and privacy", Communications of the
ACM, Volume 54, Issue 5, pp. 25-27, ACM, Volume 54, Issue 5, pp. 25-27,
DOI 10.1145/1941487.1941498, May 2011, DOI 10.1145/1941487.1941498, May 2011,
<https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1941487.1941498>. <https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1941487.1941498>.
[CMAF-CTE] Bentaleb, A., Akcay, M., Lim, M., Begen, A., and R. [CMAF-CTE] Bentaleb, A., Akcay, M., Lim, M., Begen, A., and R.
Zimmermann, "Catching the Moment With LoL+ in Twitch-Like Zimmermann, "Catching the Moment With LoL+ in Twitch-Like
Low-Latency Live Streaming Platforms", IEEE Trans. Low-Latency Live Streaming Platforms", IEEE Trans.
Multimedia, Vol. 24, pp. 2300-2314, 2022, Multimedia, Vol. 24, pp. 2300-2314,
DOI 10.1109/TMM.2021.3079288, May 20121, DOI 10.1109/TMM.2021.3079288, May 2021,
<https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9429986>. <https://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2021.3079288>.
[CODASPY17] [CODASPY17]
Reed, A. and M. Kranch, "Identifying HTTPS-Protected Reed, A. and M. Kranch, "Identifying HTTPS-Protected
Netflix Videos in Real-Time", ACM CODASPY, Netflix Videos in Real-Time", ACM CODASPY,
DOI 10.1145/3029806.3029821, March 2017, DOI 10.1145/3029806.3029821, March 2017,
<https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3029806.3029821>. <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3029806.3029821>.
[CoDel] Nichols, K. and V. Jacobson, "Controlling queue delay", [CoDel] Nichols, K. and V. Jacobson, "Controlling queue delay",
Communications of the ACM, Volume 55, Issue 7, pp. 42-50", Communications of the ACM, Volume 55, Issue 7, pp. 42-50",
DOI 10.1145/2209249.2209264, July 2012, DOI 10.1145/2209249.2209264, July 2012,
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<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9221>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9221>.
[RFC9260] Stewart, R., Tüxen, M., and K. Nielsen, "Stream Control [RFC9260] Stewart, R., Tüxen, M., and K. Nielsen, "Stream Control
Transmission Protocol", RFC 9260, DOI 10.17487/RFC9260, Transmission Protocol", RFC 9260, DOI 10.17487/RFC9260,
June 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9260>. June 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9260>.
[RFC9293] Eddy, W., Ed., "Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)", [RFC9293] Eddy, W., Ed., "Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)",
STD 7, RFC 9293, DOI 10.17487/RFC9293, August 2022, STD 7, RFC 9293, DOI 10.17487/RFC9293, August 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9293>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9293>.
[RFC9312] Kuehlewind, M. and B. Trammell, "Manageability of the QUIC [RFC9312] Kühlewind, M. and B. Trammell, "Manageability of the QUIC
Transport Protocol", RFC 9312, DOI 10.17487/RFC9312, Transport Protocol", RFC 9312, DOI 10.17487/RFC9312,
September 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9312>. September 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9312>.
[SFRAME] IETF, "Secure Frame (sframe)", [SFRAME] IETF, "Secure Frame (sframe)",
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sframe-enc/>. <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-sframe-enc/>.
[SRT] Sharabayko, M., "SRT Protocol Overview", April 2020, [SRT] Sharabayko, M., "SRT Protocol Overview", April 2020,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/interim-2020-mops- <https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/interim-2020-mops-
01/materials/slides-interim-2020-mops-01-sessa-srt- 01/materials/slides-interim-2020-mops-01-sessa-srt-
protocol-overview-00>. protocol-overview-00>.
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