<?xmlversion='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE rfc [ <!ENTITY nbsp " "> <!ENTITY zwsp "​"> <!ENTITY nbhy "‑"> <!ENTITY wj "⁠"> ]><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="rfc2629.xslt" ?> <!-- generated by https://github.com/cabo/kramdown-rfc version 1.6.22 (Ruby 3.1.3) --><rfc xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" ipr="trust200902" docName="draft-ietf-elegy-rfc8989bis-05" number="9389" submissionType="IETF" category="bcp" consensus="true" obsoletes="8788, 8989" updates="8713" tocInclude="true" sortRefs="true" symRefs="true" xml:lang="en" version="3"> <!-- xml2rfc v2v3 conversion 3.16.0 --> <front> <titleabbrev="RFC8989bis">Nominatingabbrev="Nominating Committee Eligibility">Nominating Committee Eligibility</title> <seriesInfoname="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ietf-elegy-rfc8989bis-05"/>name="RFC" value="9389"/> <seriesInfo name="BCP" value="10"/> <author initials="M." surname="Duke" fullname="Martin Duke"> <organization>Google LLC</organization> <address> <email>martin.h.duke@gmail.com</email> </address> </author> <date year="2023"month="February" day="02"/> <area>General</area> <workgroup>ELEGY</workgroup> <keyword>Internet-Draft</keyword>month="April"/> <area>gen</area> <workgroup>elegy</workgroup> <abstract> <t>The IETF Nominating Committee (NomCom) appoints candidates to several IETF leadership committees.RFC8713RFC 8713 provides criteria for NomCom membership that attempt to ensurethatNomCom volunteers are members of the loosely defined IETF community, by requiring in-person attendance in three of the past fivein- personin-person meetings. In 2020 and 2021, the IETF had six consecutive fully online plenary meetings that drove rapid advancement in remote meeting technologies and procedures, including an experiment that included remote attendance for NomCom eligibility. This document updatesRFC8713RFC 8713 by defining a new set of eligibility criteria from first principles, with consideration to the increased salience of remoteattendance.</t> </abstract> <note removeInRFC="true"> <name>Discussion Venues</name> <t>Source for this draftattendance. This document obsoletes RFCs 8788 andan issue tracker can be found at <eref target="https://github.com/ietf-wg-elegy/rfc8989bis"/>.</t> </note>8989.</t> </abstract> </front> <middle> <section anchor="introduction"> <name>Introduction</name> <t><xref target="RFC8713"/> defines the process for the selection of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG), IETF Trust, andonethe IETF LLCDirector.Directors. A key actor in the process is the Nominating Committee (NomCom), which nominates a single candidate for each openposition,position. Nominations are subject to confirmation by other bodies.</t> <t>NomCom voting members are randomly selected from a pool of volunteers that have met certain eligibility requirements.The actual NomCom is selected at random from the pool of eligible volunteers.Thus, it is important that members of the pool be IETF participants likely to have knowledge of IETF processes and practices. There are restrictions to ensure that no more than two volunteers with the same primary affiliation are chosen.</t> <t><xref section="4.14" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8713"/> requiresthatvolunteersmustto have attended three of the previous five meetings. In practice, thishasmeant that the volunteer picked up their registration badge at an in-person meeting. Current members of the Internet Society Board of Trustees and bodies for which the NomCom nominates members are ineligible.</t> <t><xref target="RFC8989"/> specified an experiment in the wake of six consecutive fully online meetings from 2020 to 2021,wherebecause the historic interpretation of the requirement would have resulted in no eligible volunteers. It extended the meeting attendance requirement todefine meeting attendance as includinginclude logging in to at least one session of afully-onlinefully online IETF meeting.</t><t>RFC8989<t><xref target="RFC8989"/> also created two other tracks to obtain eligibility: (1) serving as a working group chair or secretary in the past three years, and (2) being an author or editor of an IETF Stream RFC in the past five years,including internet-draftswhich includes Internet-Drafts in the RFC Editor queue.</t> <t>This document discusses some of the first principles that inform the design of NomCom eligibility, and makes recommendations on how the process of attendance-based qualificationbased on attendanceshould work.</t> <t>This document replaces the attendance criteria in the first two paragraphs of <xref section="4.14" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8713"/> with the criteriabased on thosedescribed in <xref target="RFC8989"/>, and it obsoletesRFC8989RFC 8989 tomake it clear thatclarify that the document has been superseded. All other text in <xref target="RFC8713"/>, including the other paragraphs of Section4.14,<xref target="RFC8713" sectionFormat="bare" section="4.14"/>, remains unchanged.</t> <t> <xref target="RFC8788"/> established procedures for the 2020-2021 NomCom. While, by definition, <xref target="RFC8788"/> does not apply to future NomComs, this document formally obsoletes it. </t> </section> <section anchor="nomcom-principles"> <name>NomCom Principles</name> <t>The NomCom is intended to be composed of randomly selected members of "the community." For many years, in-person attendance was a reasonable proxy for the commitment associated with being a member. Two days of travel and an attendance fee is a relatively large expenditure of time and money. Additionally, in-person attendance is thought to increase personal familiarity with candidates for leadership positions and with the spirit of the IETF, although there is no mechanism to ensure anyinteractions.</t>interaction.</t> <t>A basic principle of the IETF is that the community should govern itself, so volunteers must have a demonstrated commitment to the IETF. Limiting the number of volunteers sponsored by any one organization avoids the potential for mischief that disrupts IETF operations or works against the interests of the community as a whole.</t><t>However,<t>A requirement for in-person attendance has always excluded some from qualifying for the NomCom. However, as attitudes to business travelevolve,evolve and remote meeting technology continues to improve,to the extent thatmany longstanding community memberschooseare choosing to participateremotely. A requirement for in-person attendance has always excluded some from qualification from the NomCom, dueremotely (due to cost or personalreasons. Further,reasons). In addition, the NomCom has completed two cycles using entirely online tools.</t><t>Counting<t>Expanding the attendance requirement to include remote attendance lowers the barriers to entry. As the IETF has historically provided a fee-free remote participation option, via waiver or otherwise, the only required investment is to log on once per meeting at a specific time (sometimes a locally inconvenient hour). While this document does not formally impose a requirement for the NomCom to function entirely remotely, including remote-only attendees in the pool is likely to effectively require a remote component to NomCom operations.</t> <t>Finally, overly restrictive criteria work against getting a broad talent pool.</t> </section> <section anchor="criteria"> <name>Criteria</name> <t>The following text replaces the first two paragraphs of <xref section="4.14" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8713"/>:</t> <blockquote> <t>Members of the IETF community must satisfy the conditions in one of three paths in order to volunteer. Any one of the paths is sufficient, unless the person is otherwise disqualified under <xref section="4.15" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8713"/>.</t><t>Path 1: The<ol type="Path %d:"> <li>The person has registered for and attended three out of the last five IETF meetings, either in-person or online. In-person attendance is as determined by the record keeping of the Secretariat. Online attendance is based on being a registered person who logged in for at least one session of an IETFmeeting.</t> <t>Path 2: Themeeting.</li> <li>The person has been a Working Group Chair or Secretary within the three years prior to the day the call for NomCom volunteers is sent to thecommunity.</t> <t>Path 3: Thecommunity.</li> <li>The person has been a listed author or editor on the front page of at least two IETF Stream RFCs within the last five years prior to the day the call for NomCom volunteers is sent to the community. An Internet-Draft that has been approved by the IESG and is in the RFC Editor queue counts the same as a published RFC, with the relevant date being the date the draft was added to the RFC Editor queue. For avoidance of doubt, the five-year timer extends back to the date five years before the date when the call for NomCom volunteers is sent to thecommunity.</t>community.</li> </ol> </blockquote> </section> <section anchor="security-considerations"> <name>Security Considerations</name> <section anchor="nomcom-capture"> <name>NomCom Capture</name> <t>The most potent threat associated with NomCom eligibility is that an organization or group of coordinating organizations could attempt to obtain a majority of NomCom positions, in order to select an IETF leadership in support of an agenda that might be self-serving and against the interests of the community as a whole.</t> <t>Note that <xref target="RFC8713"/> lets the NomCom Chair decide the NomCom voting requirement, so a simple majority may be inadequate. However, seven of ten forms a quorum, so at worst seven NomCom members working together can almost certainly impose their will.</t> <t>Whatever the merits of admitting remote attendees, it reduces the minimum cost of creating a NomCom-eligible volunteer from three in-person trips of around five days each over the course of at least eight months, to zero financial cost and the time required to log in three times over at least eight months. Some organizations might not be deterred in either case, while others might.</t> <section anchor="a-surge-of-volunteers"> <name>A Surge of Volunteers</name> <t>A large number of legitimate volunteers makes it quite difficult to controlsixa majority oftenNomCom slots. Setting aside limitations on the number of selections from any organization, basic probability shows that to have even a 50% chance of controlling six or more NomCom positions, an attacker needs roughly 60% of the volunteer pool. For example, if there are 300 "legitimate" volunteers, an attacker must produce 365 volunteers to exceed a 50% chance of NomCom capture (see <xref target="capture-math"/>).</t> <t>A sudden surge in the number of volunteers, particularly of people that no one recognizes as a part of the community, is an early-warningsign.sign of an attempt at capture. Anyone with concerns about the integrity of the process should bring those concerns to the IESG tofurther investigate,and where neededinvestigate. Where needed, the confirming bodies can take actionas defined in RFC 8713 Section 3.7.3to invalidate suchcandidates.</t>candidates as defined in <xref target="RFC8713" sectionFormat="of" section="3.7.3"/>.</t> <t>While loosening eligibility criteria lowers the cost to an attacker of producing eligible volunteers, it also increases the number of legitimate volunteersthatwhich increases the difficulty of an attack.</t> </section> <section anchor="the-two-per-organization-limit"> <name>TheTwo-Per-OrganizationTwo-per-Organization Limit</name> <t>The two-per-organization limit described in <xreftarget="RFC8713"/>target="RFC8713" sectionFormat="of" section="4.17"/> complicates suchana capture attack. To circumvent it, an organizationmust either (1) coordinatewould have to do one or more of the following:</t> <ol spacing="normal" type="1"> <li>coordinate with at least two like-minded organizations to produce a NomCommajority, (2) incentivizemajority,</li> <li>incentivize members of other organizations (possibly through a funding agreement) to support its agenda,or (3) proposeand/or</li> <li>propose candidates with falseaffiliations.</t>affiliations.</li> </ol> <t>While the IETF does not routinely confirm the affiliation of volunteers, as part of an investigation it could eliminate volunteers who have misrepresented said affiliation. Publishing the list of volunteers and affiliations also gives the community an opportunity to review the truth of such claims.</t> <t>Assuming that 300 legitimate volunteers are all from different organizations, three conspiring organizations would need 771 volunteers (257 per organization) for a 50% chance of NomCom capture (see <xref target="capture-math"/>).</t> </section> <section anchor="one-year-of-participation"> <name>One Year of Participation</name> <t>Attendance at three meetings requires at least eight months of waiting. Given the volume of volunteers necessary to capture the process, an attack requires a surge in attendees over the course of a year. Such a surge might trigger a community challenge to the list of eligible volunteers, and/or a leadership investigation to detect suspicious behavior (e.g., logging in to a single session and then immediately logging out). In the event of abuse of process, the leadership would then have months to adjust policy in response before the NomCom cycle begins, and/or disqualify candidates.</t> </section> </section> <section anchor="disruptive-candidates"> <name>Disruptive Candidates</name> <t>Note thatthecounting remote participation towards NomCom eligibility allows for a single individual to mount an attack that previously required coordination. By registering for remote attendance to IETF meetings using a number of different identities over a year, an individual can make each of those identities NomCom eligible and then serve under any one of them that is selected for the NomCom. Once selected, an individual could seek to disrupt the process or prevent the timely conclusion of its work. Less severely, an attacker could simply improve their chances of being selected for NomCom.</t> <t>This attack is much harder to detect or prevent than equivalent attacks were previously, as it does not require coordination among multiple attendees. While the attacker cannot be sure of fee waivers for some or all of the different identities, the lower cost for remote participation also makes this attack more feasible than it would have been under prior rules.</t> <t>However, the voting member recall procedure in <xref section="5.7" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8713"/> exists to allow removal and replacement of disruptive figures.</t> </section> <section anchor="additional-remedies"> <name>Additional Remedies</name> <t>Additional changes to the process to further obstruct attacks against the NomCom are beyond the scope of this document. However, a challenge process against volunteers with a suspicious reported affiliation, or that might be aliases of a single volunteer, could trigger an investigation.</t> <t>Similarly, the challenge to the random selection described in <xref section="4.17" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8713"/> can explicitly include appeals against the data used to qualify the volunteer, rather than the randomization process.</t> </section> </section> <section anchor="iana-considerations"> <name>IANA Considerations</name> <t>This document has no IANA actions.</t> </section> </middle> <back> <references> <name>References</name> <references> <name>Normative References</name><reference anchor="RFC8713"> <front> <title>IAB, IESG, IETF Trust, and IETF LLC Selection, Confirmation, and Recall Process: Operation of the IETF Nominating and Recall Committees</title> <author fullname="M. Kucherawy" initials="M." role="editor" surname="Kucherawy"> <organization/> </author> <author fullname="R. Hinden" initials="R." role="editor" surname="Hinden"> <organization/> </author> <author fullname="J. Livingood" initials="J." role="editor" surname="Livingood"> <organization/> </author> <date month="February" year="2020"/> <abstract> <t>The process by which the members of the IAB and IESG, some Trustees of the IETF Trust, and some Directors of the IETF Administration LLC (IETF LLC) are selected, confirmed, and recalled is specified in this document. This document is based on RFC 7437. Only those updates required to reflect the changes introduced by IETF Administrative Support Activity (IASA) 2.0 have been included. Any other changes will be addressed in future documents.</t> <t>This document obsoletes RFC 7437 and RFC 8318.</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="BCP" value="10"/> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8713"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8713"/> </reference><xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8713.xml"/> </references> <references> <name>Informative References</name><reference anchor="RFC8989"> <front> <title>Additional Criteria for Nominating Committee Eligibility</title> <author fullname="B. Carpenter" initials="B." surname="Carpenter"> <organization/> </author> <author fullname="S. Farrell" initials="S." surname="Farrell"> <organization/> </author> <date month="February" year="2021"/> <abstract> <t>This document defines a process experiment under RFC 3933 that temporarily updates the criteria for qualifying volunteers to participate in the IETF Nominating Committee. It therefore also updates the criteria for qualifying signatories to a community recall petition. The purpose is to make the criteria more flexible in view of increasing remote participation in the IETF and a reduction in face-to-face meetings. The experiment is of fixed duration and will apply to one, or at most two, consecutive Nominating Committee cycles, starting in 2021. This document temporarily varies the rules in RFC 8713.</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8989"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8989"/> </reference><xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8788.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8989.xml"/> </references> </references> <section anchor="capture-math"> <name>NomCom Capture Calculations</name> <t><xref target="security-considerations"/> offers some mathematical results for the probability of NomCom capture. This appendix shows the work.</t> <t>Note that the number of combinations of b items chosen from a population of aitemitems is often expressed as</t> <figure anchor="peq1"> <artset> <artworktype="svg" align="center"><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"align="center" type="svg"><svg height="6.176ex" role="img" viewBox="0 -1580.7 7512 2659.1"width="17.447ex">width="17.447ex" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <defs> <path d="M304 -161l-12 -16c-158 90 -244 259 -244 429c0 185 87 329 247 424l9 -16c-139 -119 -170 -212 -170 -405c0 -186 30 -299 170 -416Z"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-28"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-28-gensym001" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M667 -346v-48c-284 267 -485 689 -485 1230c0 538 201 1002 485 1230v-44c-178 -184 -375 -580 -375 -1186c0 -613 197 -962 375 -1182Z"id="E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-28"id="E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-28-gensym001" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M472 428l-91 -345s-1 -2 -1 -11c0 -11 6 -17 14 -17c10 0 25 2 64 54l12 -12c-31 -47 -85 -107 -133 -107c-33 0 -42 23 -42 55c0 13 6 34 11 50h-4c-72 -92 -134 -105 -173 -105c-63 0 -89 55 -89 119c0 132 132 332 276 332c43 0 64 -24 66 -46h1l9 33h80zM367 341 c0 41 -12 71 -50 71c-68 0 -128 -87 -162 -171c-18 -45 -28 -89 -28 -124c0 -53 31 -66 58 -66c69 0 139 95 167 190c8 26 15 66 15 100Z"id="E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44E"id="E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44E-gensym001" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M214 382l4 -4c33 32 72 63 121 63c70 0 111 -69 111 -151c0 -121 -109 -301 -266 -301c-53 0 -94 18 -139 48l144 563c1 4 2 8 2 11c-1 13 -16 21 -29 21c-10 0 -22 -1 -30 -4l-3 16l158 24zM179 252l-55 -215c0 -7 32 -19 55 -19c122 0 188 174 188 276 c0 70 -38 92 -71 92c-72 0 -106 -89 -117 -134Z"id="E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44F"id="E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44F-gensym001" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M29 660l12 16c153 -92 244 -259 244 -429c0 -185 -88 -327 -247 -424l-9 16c142 117 170 211 170 405c0 187 -25 302 -170 416Z"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-29"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-29-gensym001" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M83 2018v48c284 -267 485 -685 485 -1230c0 -534 -201 -1002 -485 -1230v44c178 184 375 580 375 1186c0 614 -197 965 -375 1182Z"id="E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-29"id="E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-29-gensym001" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M637 320h-589v66h589v-66zM637 120h-589v66h589v-66Z"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-3D"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-3D-gensym001" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M175 176l-42 381c-2 20 -3 32 -3 43c0 43 15 76 53 76c34 0 53 -32 53 -81c0 -12 -1 -27 -2 -38l-45 -381h-14zM236 42c0 -29 -23 -51 -54 -51c-30 0 -52 22 -52 52s23 54 53 54c29 0 53 -25 53 -55Z"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-21"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-21-gensym001" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M621 220h-557v66h557v-66Z"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-2212"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-2212-gensym001" stroke-width="1"/> </defs> <g fill="black" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)"> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-28"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-28-gensym001" x="0" y="-586"/> <g transform="translate(750,0)"> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44E"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44E-gensym001" x="0" y="676"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44F"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44F-gensym001" x="16" y="-686"/> </g> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-29"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-29-gensym001" x="1253" y="-586"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-3D"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-3D-gensym001" x="2281" y="0"/> <g transform="translate(3244,0)"> <g transform="translate(120,0)"> <rect height="60" width="4027" x="0" y="220"/> <g transform="translate(1595,676)"> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44E"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44E-gensym001" x="0" y="0"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-21"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-21-gensym001" x="502" y="0"/> </g> <g transform="translate(60,-697)"> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-28"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-28-gensym001" x="0" y="0"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44E"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44E-gensym001" x="333" y="0"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-2212"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-2212-gensym001" x="1058" y="0"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44F"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44F-gensym001" x="1965" y="0"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-29"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-29-gensym001" x="2436" y="0"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-21"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-21-gensym001" x="2769" y="0"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44F"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D44F-gensym001" x="3103" y="0"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-21"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-21-gensym001" x="3573" y="0"/> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </artwork> <artwork type="ascii-art" align="center"><![CDATA[⎛a⎞ a! ⎜ ⎟ = ──────── ⎝b⎠ (a-b)!b! ]]></artwork> </artset> </figure> <section anchor="no-per-organization-limit"> <name>Noper-organization limit</name> <t>The first computationper-Organization Limit</name> <t><xref target="no-per-organization-limit"/> assumes there is nolimitlimitation on the number oftwo per organization, or equivalently,volunteers from a given organization. <xref target="two-per-organization"/> assumes that no single organization produces more than two volunteers.</t> <t>Let L be the number of "legitimate" volunteers(i.e.(i.e., those not allied with anattacker"attacker) and A be the number of attacking volunteers. Then thereare</t>are the following ways to select a NomCom:</t> <artset> <artwork type="svg"><svgxmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"height="6.176ex" role="img" viewBox="0 -1580.7 4056.9 2659.1"width="9.423ex">width="9.423ex" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <defs> <path d="M304 -161l-12 -16c-158 90 -244 259 -244 429c0 185 87 329 247 424l9 -16c-139 -119 -170 -212 -170 -405c0 -186 30 -299 170 -416Z"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-28"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-28-gensym002" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M667 -346v-48c-284 267 -485 689 -485 1230c0 538 201 1002 485 1230v-44c-178 -184 -375 -580 -375 -1186c0 -613 197 -962 375 -1182Z"id="E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-28"id="E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-28-gensym002" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M668 190l-61 -190h-569l4 16h17c75 0 99 28 107 62l118 477c4 16 7 36 7 45c0 19 -14 37 -76 37h-18l4 16h327l-4 -16h-18c-75 0 -96 -26 -105 -63l-122 -481c-4 -15 -5 -29 -5 -31c0 -22 28 -24 40 -24h122c102 0 153 22 199 115c7 11 12 23 17 37h16Z"id="E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D43F"id="E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D43F-gensym002" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M636 220h-261v-261h-66v261h-261v66h261v261h66v-261h261v-66Z"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-2B"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-2B-gensym002" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M685 0h-285v16h16c56 0 72 21 72 61c0 6 -1 14 -2 21l-13 113h-198l-84 -140c-7 -8 -10 -19 -10 -26c1 -18 17 -29 43 -29h29v-16h-218v16c35 4 72 16 108 74l356 577h18l78 -581c7 -49 32 -70 74 -70h16v-16zM466 248l-25 227h-6l-139 -227h170Z"id="E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D434"id="E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D434-gensym002" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M394 0h-276v15c74 4 95 25 95 80v449c0 34 -9 49 -30 49c-10 0 -27 -5 -45 -12l-27 -10v14l179 91l9 -3v-597c0 -43 20 -61 95 -61v-15Z"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-31"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-31-gensym002" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M476 330c0 -172 -63 -344 -226 -344c-171 0 -226 186 -226 350c0 177 69 340 230 340c131 0 222 -141 222 -346zM380 325c0 208 -44 325 -132 325c-83 0 -128 -118 -128 -321s44 -317 130 -317c85 0 130 115 130 313Z"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-30"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-30-gensym002" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M29 660l12 16c153 -92 244 -259 244 -429c0 -185 -88 -327 -247 -424l-9 16c142 117 170 211 170 405c0 187 -25 302 -170 416Z"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-29"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-29-gensym002" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M83 2018v48c284 -267 485 -685 485 -1230c0 -534 -201 -1002 -485 -1230v44c178 184 375 580 375 1186c0 614 -197 965 -375 1182Z"id="E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-29"id="E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-29-gensym002" stroke-width="1"/> </defs> <g fill="black" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)"> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-28"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-28-gensym002" x="0" y="-586"/> <g transform="translate(750,0)"> <g transform="translate(0,676)"> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D43F"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D43F-gensym002" x="0" y="0"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-2B"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-2B-gensym002" x="930" y="0"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D434"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D434-gensym002" x="1838" y="0"/> </g> <g transform="translate(777,-686)"> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-31"/>xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-31-gensym002"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-30"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-30-gensym002" x="500" y="0"/> </g> </g> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-29"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-29-gensym002" x="3306" y="-586"/> </g> </svg> </artwork> <artwork type="ascii-art"><![CDATA[⎛L+A⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ 10⎠ ]]></artwork> </artset><t>ways to select a NomCom. The<t>The number of outcomes where attackers capture the NomComis</t>is:</t> <figure anchor="peq2"> <artset> <artworktype="svg" align="center"><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"align="center" type="svg"><svg height="7.509ex" role="img" viewBox="0 -1867.7 8638.1 3233.2"width="20.063ex">width="20.063ex" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <defs> <path d="M1202 465l-74 -416h-1038l557 735l-521 715h976v-351h-36c0 19 -7 45 -11 65c-28 131 -95 183 -162 191c-28 4 -71 5 -106 5h-377l411 -564l-470 -613h568c139 0 208 69 244 233h39Z"id="E1-STIXWEBSIZE1-2211"id="E1-STIXWEBSIZE1-2211-gensym003" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M257 566c0 -26 -22 -46 -48 -46c-29 0 -48 20 -48 46c0 25 19 50 48 50c26 0 48 -25 48 -50zM227 441l-92 -364c-1 -6 -1 -10 -1 -14c0 -7 6 -10 13 -10c22 0 28 12 64 51l13 -10c-35 -45 -85 -105 -134 -105c-28 0 -40 19 -40 46c0 12 0 31 79 338c1 2 2 9 2 12 c0 17 -8 22 -31 22c-9 0 -21 -2 -28 -4l-3 16Z"id="E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D456"id="E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D456-gensym003" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M637 320h-589v66h589v-66zM637 120h-589v66h589v-66Z"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-3D"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-3D-gensym003" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M446 684l2 -16c-157 -26 -269 -134 -296 -285c49 38 83 45 127 45c117 0 189 -80 189 -209c0 -64 -18 -120 -51 -160c-37 -46 -93 -73 -159 -73c-79 0 -142 37 -177 101c-28 51 -47 122 -47 192c0 108 38 203 109 276c86 90 165 114 303 129zM378 188 c0 128 -42 194 -135 194c-57 0 -116 -24 -116 -116c0 -152 48 -252 142 -252c72 0 109 72 109 174Z"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-36"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-36-gensym003" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M394 0h-276v15c74 4 95 25 95 80v449c0 34 -9 49 -30 49c-10 0 -27 -5 -45 -12l-27 -10v14l179 91l9 -3v-597c0 -43 20 -61 95 -61v-15Z"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-31"id="E1-STIXWEBMAIN-31-gensym003" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M476 330c0 -172 -63 -344 -226 -344c-171 0 -226 186 -226 350c0 177 69 340 230 340c131 0 222 -141 222 -346zM380 325c0 208 -44 325 -132 325c-83 0 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transform="translate(292,1176)"> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-31"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-31-gensym003" transform="scale(0.707)"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-30"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-30-gensym003" transform="scale(0.707)" x="500" y="0"/> </g> <g transform="translate(1459,0)"> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-5B"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-5B-gensym003" x="0" y="-586"/> <g transform="translate(508,0)"> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-28"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-28-gensym003" x="0" y="-586"/> <g transform="translate(750,0)"> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D434"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D434-gensym003" x="0" y="676"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D456"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D456-gensym003" x="203" y="-686"/> </g> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-29"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-29-gensym003" x="1468" y="-586"/> </g> <g transform="translate(2727,0)"> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-28"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-28-gensym003" x="0" y="-586"/> <g transform="translate(750,0)"> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D43F"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D43F-gensym003" x="866" y="676"/> <g transform="translate(0,-686)"> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-31"/>xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-31-gensym003"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-30"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-30-gensym003" x="500" y="0"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-2212"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-2212-gensym003" x="1223" y="0"/> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D456"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D456-gensym003" x="2130" y="0"/> </g> </g> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-29"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-29-gensym003" x="3192" y="-586"/> </g> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-5D"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-5D-gensym003" x="6670" y="-586"/> </g> </g> </svg> </artwork> <artwork type="ascii-art" align="center"><![CDATA[10⎯⎯—— ╲ ⎡⎛A⎞ ⎛ L ⎞⎤ ╱ ⎢⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎥⎺⎺—— ⎣⎝i⎠ ⎝10-i⎠⎦ i=6 ]]></artwork> </artset> </figure><t>and<t>Therefore, the probability of captureis therefore</t>is</t> <figure anchor="peq3"> <artset> <artworktype="svg" align="center"><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"align="center" type="svg"><svg height="7.843ex" role="img" viewBox="0 -1939.5 5613.3 3376.7"width="13.037ex">width="13.037ex" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <defs> <path d="M1202 465l-74 -416h-1038l557 735l-521 715h976v-351h-36c0 19 -7 45 -11 65c-28 131 -95 183 -162 191c-28 4 -71 5 -106 5h-377l411 -564l-470 -613h568c139 0 208 69 244 233h39Z"id="E1-STIXWEBSIZE1-2211"id="E1-STIXWEBSIZE1-2211-gensym004" stroke-width="1"/> <path d="M257 566c0 -26 -22 -46 -48 -46c-29 0 -48 20 -48 46c0 25 19 50 48 50c26 0 48 -25 48 -50zM227 441l-92 -364c-1 -6 -1 -10 -1 -14c0 -7 6 -10 13 -10c22 0 28 12 64 51l13 -10c-35 -45 -85 -105 -134 -105c-28 0 -40 19 -40 46c0 12 0 31 79 338c1 2 2 9 2 12 c0 17 -8 22 -31 22c-9 0 -21 -2 -28 -4l-3 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Assume also that there are three conspiring organizations. 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</g> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-29"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE3-29-gensym005" x="11415" y="-586"/> </g> <usexlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE4-5D"xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBSIZE4-5D-gensym005" x="18777" y="-779"/> </g> </g> </svg> </artwork> <artwork type="ascii-art" align="center"><![CDATA[ min(N,2)⎡ min(2,N-i) ⎤⎯⎯—— ⎢⎯⎯—— ⎥ ⎛ L ⎞ ╲ ⎢⎛B⎞ ╲ ⎛⎛B⎞ ⎛ B ⎞⎞⎥ C(N) = ⎜ ⎟ ╱ ⎢⎜ ⎟ ╱ ⎜⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎟⎥ ⎝10 - N⎠⎺⎺—— ⎢⎝i⎠⎺⎺—— ⎝⎝j⎠ ⎝min(2, N-i-j)⎠⎠⎥ i=0 ⎣ j=0 ⎦ ]]></artwork> </artset> </figure> <t>And the probability of capture is</t> <figure anchor="peq5"> <artset> <artworktype="svg" align="center"><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"align="center" type="svg"><svg height="6.843ex" role="img" viewBox="0 -1508.9 4290.1 2946.1"width="9.964ex">width="9.964ex" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <defs> <path d="M711 659l-53 -223h-16c1 8 1 17 1 42c0 65 -31 144 -152 144c-201 0 -319 -201 -319 -372c0 -112 60 -214 195 -214c98 0 171 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50% probability of capture is 771.</t> </section> </section> <sectionanchor="change-log"> <name>Change Log</name> <ul empty="true"> <li> <t><strong>RFC Editor's Note:</strong> Please remove this section prior to publication of a final version of this document.</t> </li> </ul> <section anchor="since-draft-duke-elegy-rfc8989bis-00"> <name>Since draft-duke-elegy-rfc8989bis-00</name> <ul spacing="normal"> <li>Added more security considerations</li> <li>Editorial improvements</li> </ul> </section> <section anchor="since-draft-duke-gendispatch-rfc8989bis-00"> <name>Since draft-duke-gendispatch-rfc8989bis-00</name> <ul spacing="normal"> <li>Matched normative section to RFC8989</li> <li>Added security considerations and appendix</li> </ul> </section> </section> <section anchor="acknowledgments">anchor="acknowledgments" numbered="false"> <name>Acknowledgments</name><t>Brian Carpenter<t><contact fullname="Brian Carpenter"/> andStephen Farrell<contact fullname="Stephen Farrell"/> wroteRFC8989,RFC 8989, which provides the core of this document.</t><t>Luc<t><contact fullname="Luc AndréBurdet, Brian Carpenter,Burdet"/>, <contact fullname="Brian Carpenter"/>, andDonald Eastlake<contact fullname="Donald Eastlake"/> provided useful editorial suggestions.</t> </section> </back><!-- ##markdown-source: H4sIAAAAAAAAA51bYXMcN3L9jl8By5UK6dvdUJIl2aw4CUVLiqpoWXVUxXV1 vriwM9hdiDODFWaGqz0W/X/yO+6P3etuYAazJJVL/MXa5QzQaLx+/bqBnc/n qnNdZU/1O1+7xnSuWetzX9eu66zVryq3dktXuW6vzHIZ7PWp/uPr8+++/+77 pWtV6YvG1Hi5DGbVzZ3tVnNb2fV+HlZFfGh+8kwVprNrH/anellslXLbcKq7 0Lfdk5OT70+eKBOsOdVvbGODqdTOh6t18P32VL+6ePXmT+rK7vFdearfNp0N je3mP9J8yi9bX9nOtqf6uxfffTfTNKXqt6WJ3z1+qlTbmab8zVS+gZ1726q2 NqH77VPv+aHGq6071X/ufDHTrQ9dsKsW/9rX9I+/KGX6buPDqdJzpfGfa/DS Twv9Y39l+QtxwE8Y0zXjtz6sTeP+Cn/6Bivzfl1ZfXFxzn+0tXHVqa75ncVm UeKt/1jTl4vC10o1PtR489qewlfNKvuk5vO5Nsu2C6bolPqwsfrtqw+v79+8 I3yLT8fabLfeNV2rC7jCsXd053Vrr8nfPIKqrCltaDduq4s0QrvgzYYb9Tb4 a1fivSI47IEzGmZpmUDXtl7Gd7uN6ZTBy/W2ozls0/bB8tfp6Wtf9dhHvKCx 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