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<front> <front>
<title abbrev="RFC8989bis">Nominating Committee Eligibility</title> <title abbrev="Nominating Committee Eligibility">Nominating Committee Eligib
<seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ietf-elegy-rfc8989bis-05"/> ility</title>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9389"/>
<seriesInfo name="BCP" value="10"/>
<author initials="M." surname="Duke" fullname="Martin Duke"> <author initials="M." surname="Duke" fullname="Martin Duke">
<organization>Google LLC</organization> <organization>Google LLC</organization>
<address> <address>
<email>martin.h.duke@gmail.com</email> <email>martin.h.duke@gmail.com</email>
</address> </address>
</author> </author>
<date year="2023" month="February" day="02"/> <date year="2023" month="April"/>
<area>General</area>
<workgroup>ELEGY</workgroup> <area>gen</area>
<keyword>Internet-Draft</keyword> <workgroup>elegy</workgroup>
<abstract> <abstract>
<t>The IETF Nominating Committee (NomCom) appoints candidates to several I ETF <t>The IETF Nominating Committee (NomCom) appoints candidates to several I ETF
leadership committees. RFC8713 provides criteria for NomCom membership that leadership committees. RFC 8713 provides criteria for NomCom membership that
attempt to ensure that NomCom volunteers are members of the loosely defined attempt to ensure NomCom volunteers are members of the loosely defined
IETF community, by requiring in-person attendance in three of the past five in- IETF community, by requiring in-person attendance in three of the past five in-p
person meetings. In 2020 and 2021, the IETF had six consecutive fully online erson meetings. In 2020 and 2021, the IETF had six consecutive fully online
plenary meetings that drove rapid advancement in remote meeting technologies and plenary meetings that drove rapid advancement in remote meeting technologies and
procedures, including an experiment that included remote attendance for NomCom procedures, including an experiment that included remote attendance for NomCom
eligibility. This document updates RFC8713 by defining a new set of eligibility eligibility. This document updates RFC 8713 by defining a new set of eligibility
criteria from first principles, with consideration to the increased salience of criteria from first principles, with consideration to the increased salience of
remote attendance.</t> remote attendance. This document obsoletes RFCs 8788 and 8989.</t>
</abstract> </abstract>
<note removeInRFC="true">
<name>Discussion Venues</name>
<t>Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
<eref target="https://github.com/ietf-wg-elegy/rfc8989bis"/>.</t>
</note>
</front> </front>
<middle> <middle>
<section anchor="introduction"> <section anchor="introduction">
<name>Introduction</name> <name>Introduction</name>
<t><xref target="RFC8713"/> defines the process for the selection of the I nternet Architecture <t><xref target="RFC8713"/> defines the process for the selection of the I nternet Architecture
Board (IAB), Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG), IETF Trust, and one Board (IAB), Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG), IETF Trust, and the
IETF LLC Director. A key actor in the process is the Nominating Committee IETF LLC Directors. A key actor in the process is the Nominating Committee
(NomCom), which nominates a single candidate for each open position, subject to (NomCom), which nominates a single candidate for each open position. Nomination
s are subject to
confirmation by other bodies.</t> confirmation by other bodies.</t>
<t>NomCom voting members are volunteers that have met certain eligibility
requirements. The actual NomCom is selected at random from the pool of eligible <t>NomCom voting members are randomly selected from a pool of volunteers t
volunteers. Thus, it is important that members of the pool be IETF participants hat have met certain eligibility requirements. Thus, it is important that member
s of the pool be IETF participants
likely to have knowledge of IETF processes and practices. There are restrictions likely to have knowledge of IETF processes and practices. There are restrictions
to ensure that no more than two volunteers with the same primary affiliation are to ensure that no more than two volunteers with the same primary affiliation are
chosen.</t> chosen.</t>
<t><xref section="4.14" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8713"/> requires tha <t><xref section="4.14" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8713"/> requires vol
t volunteers must have attended three of unteers to have attended three of
the previous five meetings. In practice, this has meant that the volunteer the previous five meetings. In practice, this meant that the volunteer
picked up their registration badge at an in-person meeting. Current members of picked up their registration badge at an in-person meeting. Current members of
the Internet Society Board of Trustees and bodies for which the NomCom nominates the Internet Society Board of Trustees and bodies for which the NomCom nominates
members are ineligible.</t> members are ineligible.</t>
<t><xref target="RFC8989"/> specified an experiment in the wake of six con secutive fully online <t><xref target="RFC8989"/> specified an experiment in the wake of six con secutive fully online
meetings from 2020 to 2021, where the historic interpretation of the requirement meetings from 2020 to 2021, because the historic interpretation of the requireme
would have resulted in no eligible volunteers. It extended the attendance nt
requirement to define meeting attendance as including logging in to at least one would have resulted in no eligible volunteers. It extended the meeting attendanc
session of a fully-online IETF meeting.</t> e
<t>RFC8989 also created two other tracks to obtain eligibility: (1) servin requirement to include logging in to at least one
g as a session of a fully online IETF meeting.</t>
working group chair or secretary in the past three years, and (2) author or <t><xref target="RFC8989"/> also created two other tracks to obtain eligib
editor of an IETF Stream RFC in the past five years, including internet-drafts ility: (1) serving as a
working group chair or secretary in the past three years, and (2) being an autho
r or
editor of an IETF Stream RFC in the past five years, which includes Internet-Dra
fts
in the RFC Editor queue.</t> in the RFC Editor queue.</t>
<t>This document discusses some of the first principles that inform the de sign of <t>This document discusses some of the first principles that inform the de sign of
NomCom eligibility, and makes recommendations on how the process of NomCom eligibility, and makes recommendations on how the process of
qualification based on attendance should work.</t> attendance-based qualification should work.</t>
<t>This document replaces the attendance criteria in the first two paragra phs of <t>This document replaces the attendance criteria in the first two paragra phs of
<xref section="4.14" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8713"/> with criteria based o <xref section="4.14" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8713"/> with the criteria des
n those in <xref target="RFC8989"/>, and cribed in <xref target="RFC8989"/>, and it obsoletes RFC 8989 to clarify that th
obsoletes RFC8989 to make it clear that that document has been superseded. All e document has been superseded. All
other text in <xref target="RFC8713"/>, including the other paragraphs of Sectio other text in <xref target="RFC8713"/>, including the other paragraphs of Sectio
n 4.14, n <xref target="RFC8713" sectionFormat="bare" section="4.14"/>,
remains unchanged.</t> remains unchanged.</t>
<t>
<xref target="RFC8788"/> established procedures for the 2020-2021 NomCom. While,
by definition, <xref target="RFC8788"/> does not apply to future NomComs, this
document formally obsoletes it.
</t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="nomcom-principles"> <section anchor="nomcom-principles">
<name>NomCom Principles</name> <name>NomCom Principles</name>
<t>The NomCom is intended to be composed of randomly selected members of " the <t>The NomCom is intended to be composed of randomly selected members of " the
community." For many years, in-person attendance was a reasonable proxy for the community." For many years, in-person attendance was a reasonable proxy for the
commitment associated with being a member. Two days of travel and an attendance commitment associated with being a member. Two days of travel and an attendance
fee is a relatively large expenditure of time and money. Additionally, in-person fee is a relatively large expenditure of time and money. Additionally, in-person
attendance is thought to increase personal familiarity with candidates for attendance is thought to increase personal familiarity with candidates for
leadership positions and with the spirit of the IETF, although there is no leadership positions and with the spirit of the IETF, although there is no
mechanism to ensure any interactions.</t> mechanism to ensure any interaction.</t>
<t>A basic principle is that the community should govern itself, so volunt <t>A basic principle of the IETF is that the community should govern itsel
eers f, so volunteers
must have a demonstrated commitment to the IETF. Limiting the number of must have a demonstrated commitment to the IETF. Limiting the number of
volunteers sponsored by any one organization avoids the potential for mischief volunteers sponsored by any one organization avoids the potential for mischief
that disrupts IETF operations or works against the interests of the community as that disrupts IETF operations or works against the interests of the community as
a whole.</t> a whole.</t>
<t>However, attitudes to business travel evolve, and remote meeting techno <t>A requirement for in-person attendance has always excluded some from
logy qualifying for the NomCom. However, as attitudes to business travel evolve an
continues to improve, to the extent that many longstanding community members d remote meeting technology
choose to participate remotely. A requirement for in-person attendance has continues to improve, many longstanding community members are choosing
always excluded some from qualification from the NomCom, due to cost or personal to participate remotely (due to cost or personal reasons). In addition, the NomC
reasons. Further, the NomCom has completed two cycles using entirely online om has completed two cycles using entirely online tools.</t>
tools.</t> <t>Expanding the attendance requirement to include remote attendance lower
<t>Counting remote attendance lowers the barriers to entry. As the IETF ha s the barriers to entry. As the IETF has
s
historically provided a fee-free remote participation option, via waiver or historically provided a fee-free remote participation option, via waiver or
otherwise, the only required investment is to log on once per meeting at a otherwise, the only required investment is to log on once per meeting at a
specific time (sometimes a locally inconvenient hour). While this document specific time (sometimes a locally inconvenient hour). While this document
does not formally impose a requirement for the NomCom to function entirely does not formally impose a requirement for the NomCom to function entirely
remotely, including remote-only attendees in the pool is likely to effectively remotely, including remote-only attendees in the pool is likely to effectively
require a remote component to NomCom operations.</t> require a remote component to NomCom operations.</t>
<t>Finally, overly restrictive criteria work against getting a broad talen t pool.</t> <t>Finally, overly restrictive criteria work against getting a broad talen t pool.</t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="criteria"> <section anchor="criteria">
<name>Criteria</name> <name>Criteria</name>
<t>The following text replaces the first two paragraphs of <t>The following text replaces the first two paragraphs of
<xref section="4.14" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8713"/>:</t> <xref section="4.14" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8713"/>:</t>
<blockquote>
<t>Members of the IETF community must satisfy the conditions in one of thr ee paths <t>Members of the IETF community must satisfy the conditions in one of thr ee paths
in order to volunteer. Any one of the paths is sufficient, unless the person is in order to volunteer. Any one of the paths is sufficient, unless the person is
otherwise disqualified under <xref section="4.15" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC 8713"/>.</t> otherwise disqualified under <xref section="4.15" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC 8713"/>.</t>
<t>Path 1:
The person has registered for and attended three out of the last five IETF <ol type="Path %d:">
<li>The person has registered for and attended three out of the last five IETF
meetings, either in-person or online. In-person attendance is as determined by meetings, either in-person or online. In-person attendance is as determined by
the record keeping of the Secretariat. Online attendance is based on being a the record keeping of the Secretariat. Online attendance is based on being a
registered person who logged in for at least one session of an IETF meeting.</t> registered person who logged in for at least one session of an IETF meeting.</li
<t>Path 2: >
The person has been a Working Group Chair or Secretary within the three years <li>The person has been a Working Group Chair or Secretary within the three year
prior to the day the call for NomCom volunteers is sent to the community.</t> s
<t>Path 3: prior to the day the call for NomCom volunteers is sent to the community.</li>
The person has been a listed author or editor on the front page of at least two <li>The person has been a listed author or editor on the front page of at least
two
IETF Stream RFCs within the last five years prior to the day the call for IETF Stream RFCs within the last five years prior to the day the call for
NomCom volunteers is sent to the community. An Internet-Draft that has been NomCom volunteers is sent to the community. An Internet-Draft that has been
approved by the IESG and is in the RFC Editor queue counts the same as a approved by the IESG and is in the RFC Editor queue counts the same as a
published RFC, with the relevant date being the date the draft was added to the published RFC, with the relevant date being the date the draft was added to the
RFC Editor queue. For avoidance of doubt, the five-year timer extends back to RFC Editor queue. For avoidance of doubt, the five-year timer extends back to
the date five years before the date when the call for NomCom volunteers is sent the date five years before the date when the call for NomCom volunteers is sent
to the community.</t> to the community.</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="security-considerations"> <section anchor="security-considerations">
<name>Security Considerations</name> <name>Security Considerations</name>
<section anchor="nomcom-capture"> <section anchor="nomcom-capture">
<name>NomCom Capture</name> <name>NomCom Capture</name>
<t>The most potent threat associated with NomCom eligibility is that an <t>The most potent threat associated with NomCom eligibility is that an
organization or group of coordinating organizations could attempt to obtain a organization or group of coordinating organizations could attempt to obtain a
majority of NomCom positions, in order to select an IETF leadership in support majority of NomCom positions, in order to select an IETF leadership in support
of an agenda that might be self-serving and against the interests of the of an agenda that might be self-serving and against the interests of the
community as a whole.</t> community as a whole.</t>
skipping to change at line 143 skipping to change at line 143
</section> </section>
<section anchor="security-considerations"> <section anchor="security-considerations">
<name>Security Considerations</name> <name>Security Considerations</name>
<section anchor="nomcom-capture"> <section anchor="nomcom-capture">
<name>NomCom Capture</name> <name>NomCom Capture</name>
<t>The most potent threat associated with NomCom eligibility is that an <t>The most potent threat associated with NomCom eligibility is that an
organization or group of coordinating organizations could attempt to obtain a organization or group of coordinating organizations could attempt to obtain a
majority of NomCom positions, in order to select an IETF leadership in support majority of NomCom positions, in order to select an IETF leadership in support
of an agenda that might be self-serving and against the interests of the of an agenda that might be self-serving and against the interests of the
community as a whole.</t> community as a whole.</t>
<t>Note that <xref target="RFC8713"/> lets the NomCom Chair decide the N omCom voting <t>Note that <xref target="RFC8713"/> lets the NomCom Chair decide the N omCom voting
requirement, so a simple majority may be inadequate. However, seven of ten forms requirement, so a simple majority may be inadequate. However, seven of ten forms
a quorum, so at worst seven NomCom members working together can almost certainly a quorum, so at worst seven NomCom members working together can almost certainly
impose their will.</t> impose their will.</t>
<t>Whatever the merits of admitting remote attendees, it reduces the min imum cost <t>Whatever the merits of admitting remote attendees, it reduces the min imum cost
of creating a NomCom-eligible volunteer from three in-person trips of around of creating a NomCom-eligible volunteer from three in-person trips of around
five days each over the course of at least eight months, to zero financial cost five days each over the course of at least eight months, to zero financial cost
and the time required to log in three times over at least eight months. Some and the time required to log in three times over at least eight months. Some
organizations might not be deterred in either case, while others might.</t> organizations might not be deterred in either case, while others might.</t>
<section anchor="a-surge-of-volunteers"> <section anchor="a-surge-of-volunteers">
<name>A Surge of Volunteers</name> <name>A Surge of Volunteers</name>
<t>A large number of legitimate volunteers makes it quite difficult to <t>A large number of legitimate volunteers makes it quite difficult to
control six control a majority of NomCom slots. Setting aside limitations on the number of
of ten NomCom slots. Setting aside limitations on the number of selections from selections from
any organization, basic probability shows that to have even a 50% chance of any organization, basic probability shows that to have even a 50% chance of
controlling six or more NomCom positions, an attacker needs roughly 60% of the controlling six or more NomCom positions, an attacker needs roughly 60% of the
volunteer pool. For example, if there are 300 "legitimate" volunteers, an volunteer pool. For example, if there are 300 "legitimate" volunteers, an
attacker must produce 365 volunteers to exceed a 50% chance of NomCom capture attacker must produce 365 volunteers to exceed a 50% chance of NomCom capture
(see <xref target="capture-math"/>).</t> (see <xref target="capture-math"/>).</t>
<t>A sudden surge in the number of volunteers, particularly of people that no one <t>A sudden surge in the number of volunteers, particularly of people that no one
recognizes as a part of the community, is an early-warning sign. Anyone with recognizes as a part of the community, is an early-warning sign of an attempt at capture. Anyone with
concerns about the integrity of the process should bring those concerns to the concerns about the integrity of the process should bring those concerns to the
IESG to further investigate,and where needed take action as defined in RFC 8713 IESG to investigate. Where needed, the confirming bodies can take action to inva
Section 3.7.3 to invalidate such candidates.</t> lidate such candidates as defined in <xref target="RFC8713" sectionFormat="of" s
<t>While loosening eligibility criteria lowers the cost to an attacker ection="3.7.3"/>.</t>
of producing <t>While loosening eligibility criteria lowers the cost to an attacker
eligible volunteers, it also increases the number of legitimate volunteers that of producing eligible volunteers, it also increases the number of legitimate vo
lunteers which
increases the difficulty of an attack.</t> increases the difficulty of an attack.</t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="the-two-per-organization-limit"> <section anchor="the-two-per-organization-limit">
<name>The Two-Per-Organization Limit</name> <name>The Two-per-Organization Limit</name>
<t>The two-per-organization limit in <xref target="RFC8713"/> complica
tes such an attack. To <t>The two-per-organization limit described in <xref target="RFC8713"
circumvent it, an organization must either (1) coordinate with at least two sectionFormat="of" section="4.17"/> complicates such a capture attack. To
like-minded organizations to produce a NomCom majority, (2) incentivize members circumvent it, an organization would have to do one or more of the foll
of other organizations (possibly through a funding agreement) to support its owing:</t>
agenda, or (3) propose candidates with false affiliations.</t>
<ol spacing="normal" type="1">
<li>coordinate with at least two like-minded organizations to produce a NomCom m
ajority,</li>
<li>incentivize members of other organizations (possibly through a funding agree
ment) to support its
agenda, and/or</li>
<li>propose candidates with false affiliations.</li>
</ol>
<t>While the IETF does not routinely confirm the affiliation of volunt eers, as part <t>While the IETF does not routinely confirm the affiliation of volunt eers, as part
of an investigation it could eliminate volunteers who have misrepresented said of an investigation it could eliminate volunteers who have misrepresented said
affiliation. Publishing the list of volunteers and affiliations also gives the affiliation. Publishing the list of volunteers and affiliations also gives the
community an opportunity to review the truth of such claims.</t> community an opportunity to review the truth of such claims.</t>
<t>Assuming that 300 legitimate volunteers are all from different orga nizations, <t>Assuming that 300 legitimate volunteers are all from different orga nizations,
three conspiring organizations would need 771 volunteers (257 per organization) three conspiring organizations would need 771 volunteers (257 per organization)
for a 50% chance of NomCom capture (see <xref target="capture-math"/>).</t> for a 50% chance of NomCom capture (see <xref target="capture-math"/>).</t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="one-year-of-participation"> <section anchor="one-year-of-participation">
<name>One Year of Participation</name> <name>One Year of Participation</name>
skipping to change at line 199 skipping to change at line 202
surge in attendees over the course of a year. Such a surge might trigger a surge in attendees over the course of a year. Such a surge might trigger a
community challenge to the list of eligible volunteers, and/or a leadership community challenge to the list of eligible volunteers, and/or a leadership
investigation to detect suspicious behavior (e.g., logging in to a single investigation to detect suspicious behavior (e.g., logging in to a single
session and then immediately logging out). In the event of abuse of process, the session and then immediately logging out). In the event of abuse of process, the
leadership would then have months to adjust policy in response before the NomCom leadership would then have months to adjust policy in response before the NomCom
cycle begins, and/or disqualify candidates.</t> cycle begins, and/or disqualify candidates.</t>
</section> </section>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="disruptive-candidates"> <section anchor="disruptive-candidates">
<name>Disruptive Candidates</name> <name>Disruptive Candidates</name>
<t>Note that the counting remote participation towards NomCom eligibilit y allows <t>Note that counting remote participation towards NomCom eligibility al lows
for a single individual to mount an attack that previously required for a single individual to mount an attack that previously required
coordination. By registering for remote attendance to IETF meetings using a coordination. By registering for remote attendance to IETF meetings using a
number of different identities over a year, an individual can make each of those number of different identities over a year, an individual can make each of those
identities NomCom eligible and then serve under any one of them that is selected identities NomCom eligible and then serve under any one of them that is selected
for the NomCom. Once selected, an individual could seek to disrupt the process for the NomCom. Once selected, an individual could seek to disrupt the process
or prevent the timely conclusion of its work. Less severely, an attacker could or prevent the timely conclusion of its work. Less severely, an attacker could
simply improve their chances of being selected for NomCom.</t> simply improve their chances of being selected for NomCom.</t>
<t>This attack is much harder to detect or prevent than equivalent attac ks were <t>This attack is much harder to detect or prevent than equivalent attac ks were
previously, as it does not require coordination among multiple attendees. previously, as it does not require coordination among multiple attendees.
While the attacker cannot be sure of fee waivers for some or all of the While the attacker cannot be sure of fee waivers for some or all of the
skipping to change at line 236 skipping to change at line 239
<section anchor="iana-considerations"> <section anchor="iana-considerations">
<name>IANA Considerations</name> <name>IANA Considerations</name>
<t>This document has no IANA actions.</t> <t>This document has no IANA actions.</t>
</section> </section>
</middle> </middle>
<back> <back>
<references> <references>
<name>References</name> <name>References</name>
<references> <references>
<name>Normative References</name> <name>Normative References</name>
<reference anchor="RFC8713">
<front> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8713.xml"
<title>IAB, IESG, IETF Trust, and IETF LLC Selection, Confirmation, />
and Recall Process: Operation of the IETF Nominating and Recall Committees</titl
e>
<author fullname="M. Kucherawy" initials="M." role="editor" surname=
"Kucherawy">
<organization/>
</author>
<author fullname="R. Hinden" initials="R." role="editor" surname="Hi
nden">
<organization/>
</author>
<author fullname="J. Livingood" initials="J." role="editor" surname=
"Livingood">
<organization/>
</author>
<date month="February" year="2020"/>
<abstract>
<t>The process by which the members of the IAB and IESG, some Trus
tees of the IETF Trust, and some Directors of the IETF Administration LLC (IETF
LLC) are selected, confirmed, and recalled is specified in this document. This d
ocument is based on RFC 7437. Only those updates required to reflect the change
s introduced by IETF Administrative Support Activity (IASA) 2.0 have been includ
ed. Any other changes will be addressed in future documents.</t>
<t>This document obsoletes RFC 7437 and RFC 8318.</t>
</abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name="BCP" value="10"/>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8713"/>
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8713"/>
</reference>
</references> </references>
<references> <references>
<name>Informative References</name> <name>Informative References</name>
<reference anchor="RFC8989"> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8788.xml"
<front> />
<title>Additional Criteria for Nominating Committee Eligibility</tit <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8989.xml"
le> />
<author fullname="B. Carpenter" initials="B." surname="Carpenter">
<organization/>
</author>
<author fullname="S. Farrell" initials="S." surname="Farrell">
<organization/>
</author>
<date month="February" year="2021"/>
<abstract>
<t>This document defines a process experiment under RFC 3933 that
temporarily updates the criteria for qualifying volunteers to participate in the
IETF Nominating Committee. It therefore also updates the criteria for qualifyin
g signatories to a community recall petition. The purpose is to make the criteri
a more flexible in view of increasing remote participation in the IETF and a red
uction in face-to-face meetings. The experiment is of fixed duration and will ap
ply to one, or at most two, consecutive Nominating Committee cycles, starting in
2021. This document temporarily varies the rules in RFC 8713.</t>
</abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8989"/>
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8989"/>
</reference>
</references> </references>
</references> </references>
<section anchor="capture-math"> <section anchor="capture-math">
<name>NomCom Capture Calculations</name> <name>NomCom Capture Calculations</name>
<t><xref target="security-considerations"/> offers some mathematical resul ts for the probability <t><xref target="security-considerations"/> offers some mathematical resul ts for the probability
of NomCom capture. This appendix shows the work.</t> of NomCom capture. This appendix shows the work.</t>
<t>Note that the number of combinations of b items chosen from a populatio n of a <t>Note that the number of combinations of b items chosen from a populatio n of a
item is often expressed as</t> items is often expressed as</t>
<figure anchor="peq1">
<figure anchor="peq1">
<artset> <artset>
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<artwork type="ascii-art" align="center"><![CDATA[⎛a⎞ a! <artwork type="ascii-art" align="center"><![CDATA[⎛a⎞ a!
⎜ ⎟ = ──────── ⎜ ⎟ = ────────
⎝b⎠ (a-b)!b! ⎝b⎠ (a-b)!b!
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<section anchor="no-per-organization-limit"> <section anchor="no-per-organization-limit">
<name>No per-organization limit</name> <name>No per-Organization Limit</name>
<t>The first computation assumes there is no limit of two per organizati <t><xref target="no-per-organization-limit"/> assumes there is no limita
on, tion on the number of volunteers from a given organization. <xref target="two-pe
or equivalently, no organization produces more than two volunteers.</t> r-organization"/> assumes that no single organization produces more than two vo
<t>Let L be the number of "legitimate" volunteers (i.e. those not allied lunteers.</t>
with an
attacker" and A be the number of attacking volunteers. Then there are</t> <t>Let L be the number of "legitimate" volunteers (i.e., those not allie
d with an
attacker) and A be the number of attacking volunteers. Then there are the follow
ing ways to select a NomCom:</t>
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<artwork type="ascii-art"><![CDATA[⎛L+A⎞ <artwork type="ascii-art"><![CDATA[⎛L+A⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 10⎠ ⎝ 10⎠
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</artset> </artset>
<t>ways to select a NomCom. The number of outcomes where attackers captu <t>The number of outcomes where attackers capture the
re the NomCom is:</t>
NomCom is</t>
<figure anchor="peq2"> <figure anchor="peq2">
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<artwork type="ascii-art" align="center"><![CDATA[10 <artwork type="ascii-art" align="center"><![CDATA[10
⎯⎯ ——
╲ ⎡⎛A⎞ ⎛ L ⎞⎤ ╲ ⎡⎛A⎞ ⎛ L ⎞⎤
╱ ⎢⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ╱ ⎢⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎥
⎺⎺ ⎣⎝i⎠ ⎝10-i⎠⎦ —— ⎣⎝i⎠ ⎝10-i⎠⎦
i=6 i=6
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<t>and the probability of capture is therefore</t> <t>Therefore, the probability of capture is</t>
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<artwork type="ascii-art" align="center"><![CDATA[10 ⎛A⎞ ⎛ L ⎞ <artwork type="ascii-art" align="center"><![CDATA[10 ⎛A⎞ ⎛ L ⎞
⎯⎯ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ —— ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
╲ ⎝i⎠ ⎝10-i⎠ ╲ ⎝i⎠ ⎝10-i⎠
╱ ────────── ╱ ──────────
⎺⎺ ⎛L + A⎞ —— ⎛L + A⎞
i=6 ⎜ ⎟ i=6 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠
]]></artwork> ]]></artwork>
</artset> </artset>
</figure> </figure>
<t>For L = 300, this probability crosses 50% at A = 365.</t> <t>For L = 300, this probability crosses 50% at A = 365.</t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="two-per-organization"> <section anchor="two-per-organization">
<name>Two per Organization</name> <name>Two per Organization</name>
<t>Assume that the population of L is drawn from L different organizatio ns (this <t>Assume that the population of L is drawn from L different organizatio ns (this
assumption is unfavorable to the attacker). Assume also that there are three assumption is unfavorable to the attacker). Assume also that there are three
conspiring organizations. Then no more than 6 members can be drawn from A.</t> conspiring organizations. Then no more than 6 members can be drawn from A.</t>
<t>Let B be the number of nominees per attacking organization, so that A = 3B.</t> <t>Let B be the number of nominees per attacking organization, so that A = 3B.</t>
<t>The number of combinations to pick exactly N attackers, N &lt;= 6, is </t> <t>The number of combinations to pick exactly N attackers, N &lt;= 6, is </t>
<figure anchor="peq4">
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<artwork type="ascii-art" align="center"><![CDATA[ mi n(N,2)⎡ min(2,N-i) ⎤ <artwork type="ascii-art" align="center"><![CDATA[ mi n(N,2)⎡ min(2,N-i) ⎤
⎯⎯ ⎢ ⎯⎯ ⎥ —— ⎢ —— ⎥
⎛ L ⎞ ╲ ⎢⎛B⎞ ╲ ⎛⎛B⎞ ⎛ B ⎞⎞⎥ ⎛ L ⎞ ╲ ⎢⎛B⎞ ╲ ⎛⎛B⎞ ⎛ B ⎞⎞⎥
C(N) = ⎜ ⎟ ╱ ⎢⎜ ⎟ ╱ ⎜⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎟⎥ C(N) = ⎜ ⎟ ╱ ⎢⎜ ⎟ ╱ ⎜⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎟⎥
⎝10 - N⎠ ⎺⎺ ⎢⎝i⎠ ⎺⎺ ⎝⎝j⎠ ⎝min(2, N-i-j)⎠⎠⎥ ⎝10 - N⎠ —— ⎢⎝i⎠ —— ⎝⎝j⎠ ⎝min(2, N-i-j)⎠⎠⎥
i=0 ⎣ j=0 ⎦ i=0 ⎣ j=0 ⎦
]]></artwork> ]]></artwork>
</artset> </artset>
</figure> </figure>
<t>And the probability of capture is</t> <t>And the probability of capture is</t>
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<use xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D436" x="2240" y="0"/ <use xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBNORMALI-1D436-gensym006" x="22
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<use xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-28" x="2951" y="0"/> <use xlink:href="#E1-STIXWEBMAIN-28-gensym006" x="2951" y=
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</svg> </svg>
</artwork> </artwork>
<artwork type="ascii-art" align="center"><![CDATA[ C(6) <artwork type="ascii-art" align="center"><![CDATA[ C(6)
─────── ───────
6 6
⎯⎯ ——
╲ ╲
╱ C(i) ╱ C(i)
⎺⎺ ——
i=0 i=0
]]></artwork> ]]></artwork>
</artset> </artset>
</figure> </figure>
<t>For L = 300, the A required to exceed a 50% probability of capture is 771.</t> <t>For L = 300, the A required to exceed a 50% probability of capture is 771.</t>
</section> </section>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="change-log">
<name>Change Log</name> <section anchor="acknowledgments" numbered="false">
<ul empty="true">
<li>
<t><strong>RFC Editor's Note:</strong> Please remove this section prio
r to
publication of a final version of this document.</t>
</li>
</ul>
<section anchor="since-draft-duke-elegy-rfc8989bis-00">
<name>Since draft-duke-elegy-rfc8989bis-00</name>
<ul spacing="normal">
<li>Added more security considerations</li>
<li>Editorial improvements</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section anchor="since-draft-duke-gendispatch-rfc8989bis-00">
<name>Since draft-duke-gendispatch-rfc8989bis-00</name>
<ul spacing="normal">
<li>Matched normative section to RFC8989</li>
<li>Added security considerations and appendix</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section anchor="acknowledgments">
<name>Acknowledgments</name> <name>Acknowledgments</name>
<t>Brian Carpenter and Stephen Farrell wrote RFC8989, which provides the c ore of <t><contact fullname="Brian Carpenter"/> and <contact fullname="Stephen Fa rrell"/> wrote RFC 8989, which provides the core of
this document.</t> this document.</t>
<t>Luc André Burdet, Brian Carpenter, and Donald Eastlake provided useful <t><contact fullname="Luc André Burdet"/>, <contact fullname="Brian Carpen ter"/>, and <contact fullname="Donald Eastlake"/> provided useful
editorial suggestions.</t> editorial suggestions.</t>
</section> </section>
</back> </back>
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