INTERNET-DRAFT C.V Sreeraj Intended Status: Proposed Standard Expires: August 28, 2013 February 24, 2013 New IP address structure draft-sreeraj-new-ip-address-structure-02.txt Abstract This document specifies new address structure and routing technique for the IP (Internet Protocol),a hierarchical scalable design. This version is backward compatible with IPv4. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html Copyright and License Notice Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must Sreeraj Expires August 28, 2013 [Page 1] INTERNET DRAFT New IP address structure February 24, 2013 include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Address Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Network structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. IP address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.1. Network address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.2. Host address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5. IP address configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5.1. On Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5.2. On Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6. Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6.1. Functions of a Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6.2. Unicast Routing Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8. Network scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Sreeraj Expires August 28, 2013 [Page 2] INTERNET DRAFT New IP address structure February 24, 2013 1. Introduction This scheme is on top of IPv4, to route packet between IPv4 domain. within IPv4 , the same existing IPv4 logic. 1.1. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. 2. Address Structure The address is divided into different levels. There are 32 bits in level 0, and it represents host address. Network addresses are represented by levels 1 - 3 , scalable up to 15 levels. There are 8 bits each in network address level. Level and bit representation are shown in the following: 15 3 2 1 0 <-- Level +-----+ +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | --- | ----- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | +-----+ +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ 8 8 8 8 32 8 Bits Bits Bits Bits Bits flag Bits The least significant byte is reserved in IP address to mark the level,multicast etc. 4 low order bits are used to mark the level and 3 high order bits are used in multicast. All other combinations are unused. The purpose of flag bits in the IP address is to make routing decisions.Identify the type ( unicast / multicast etc) and exact position of packet in the network then route accordingly. 3. Network structure The network has a tree-like structure. There are 255 interconnected networks in top level (Note: in this document "network" means a 32 bit address space). IP address demand determines the top level, could be 1,4,10, or 15. Each top level network has 255 child networks. These 255 children are interconnected, and they are hierarchically inferior. Each child network has 255 more and so on. Sreeraj Expires August 28, 2013 [Page 3] INTERNET DRAFT New IP address structure February 24, 2013 In this logic IPv4 is treated as subnetted host address(level 0). In other words, the size of a single network is equal to the size of IPv4 address space, to subnet, follow the rules and logic of IPV4. Two different methods are used to route packets.First Hierarchical routing, to find the network. Then longest match routing with level 0 (IPv4 logic) to find the host. 4. IP address IP address is divided in to two parts Network address (Levels n - 1) and subnetted host address (level 0). It is not permitted to subnet the network address. To subnet level 0 follow the rules and logic of IPV4 Both network and host address are represented in dotted decimal format, use a colon to separate network and subnetted host address. 4.1. Network address Network address is in hierarchical order. Write down the tree , from the tree route to the desired network and fill out zeros in the child tree. Examples: 25.0.0 // a Level 3 network address. 25.2.0 // a Level 2 network address 25.2.16 // a level 1 network address Left most block is the tree root , next block is the child and so on. 4.2. Host address Each network has fixed number of hosts (32 bits). Represent host address in IPv4 format. Combine network address and host address to get the global address. Separate the network with a colon. Subnet mask is applicable only to the host address(Level 0). 25.0.0:117.213.56.250/xx 25.2.0:117.213.56.250/xx 25.2.16:117.213.56.250/xx Sreeraj Expires August 28, 2013 [Page 4] INTERNET DRAFT New IP address structure February 24, 2013 5. IP address configuration 5.1. On Router Configure the level and network address on every router. Level and network address defines the position of router in the tree. Example 1 L3 // Level 25.0.0 // Network address Example 2 L2 25.2.0 Example 3 L1 25.2.16 On interfaces configure level 0 address (Same as IPV4). Example: 117.213.56.250/xx To get the global address, prepend network address to the host address(network address+host address) 25.0.0:117.213.56.250 25.4.0:117.213.56.250 25.4.16:117.213.56.250 5.2. On Host Need to configure only the level 0 address in ipv4 format. Example: 117.213.56.250/xx Then request the network address from the router. Combine those together for global address. Sreeraj Expires August 28, 2013 [Page 5] INTERNET DRAFT New IP address structure February 24, 2013 6. Routing Advertise required information in BGP to route packet to other networks.The address of edge interfaces and the details of neighbor network connected to that interface. Edge interfaces defines the boundary of a network, therefore 32 bits mask is preferred on those interfaces. BGP Routes are classified in to 4 1.Upstream routes // information to route packet to parent network. 2.Subnetted Host routes // same as IPV4 3.Downstream routes //information to route packet to 255 child network. 4.Same-level routes // information to route packet to same-level (brother/sister) network. Recursively final routing is based on IPv4. Exchange same-level (brother/sister) routes between same-level (brother/sister) networks using BGP.Only same-level routes. Between interconnected root network or between interconnected child network of the same parent, if they are not fully meshed. No need to exchange any other information between networks. Examples: New BGP Routing Entries of a Level 2 router. L3 via 117.213.56.250 //upstream network L3 (level 3) is reachable via 94.66.82.11 L1 46 via 117.213.56.250 //child network L1 46 is reachable via 117.213.56.250 L2 25 via 117.213.56.250 //Same-level Network L2 25 is reachable via 117.213.56.250 No change in IGP ( same as IPv4). Sreeraj Expires August 28, 2013 [Page 6] INTERNET DRAFT New IP address structure February 24, 2013 6.1. Functions of a Host 1.Request Globally unique destination address from the DNS. 2.Set the Level of Destination. compare source and destination network address | +- If they are same --> Set destination level to 0. | +- Else | +-Trim off/discard the unwanted top level network information, if any, and set the level of destination. The destination level should not be less than the level of the source network. Example: Source Address 25.3.0:117.213.56.250 Destination address 25.2.0:117.213.56.250 In this example, it is unnecessary to traverse level 3; therefore we can discard level 3 information. Set the level to 2 in the destination address and send it to the destination. 6.2. Unicast Routing Logic Hierarchically match level by level to find the network, then longest match using IPv4. Compare the destination IP address level with router level | +--If IP Level = 0 the Forward the packet to the longest matching | host address ( level 0 address) | +--If Greater than router level | | | +-Search for the upstream route | | | +-If present, then forward packet towards exit | +-Else, Default routing | | Sreeraj Expires August 28, 2013 [Page 7] INTERNET DRAFT New IP address structure February 24, 2013 | | | +--If Same as router level | | +-compare matching level address* | +-If different | | | +-Search for matching same-level route | | | +-If present , then forward packet towards exit. | | | +-Else, Default routing. | +-Else check child network** | | +-If present (>0) | | | +-Search for matching Downstream route | | | +-If present , then forward packet towards exit. | | The boundary router must decrement the Level. | | | +-Else, Default routing | +-Else(=0), Set the destination level to 0 and Forward the packet to the longest matching host address ( level 0 address). Default routing is for IGP.IGP directs to BGP and BGP redirects to other network. *Compare only the matching level address. Not the complete address Example: Router level 2 Routers network address 25.88.0 Destination network address 25.66.0 compare level 2 address. i.e. 88 and 66 Different :- search for the same level network L2 66 **Example: Router level - 2 ,therefore check level 1 address. Sreeraj Expires August 28, 2013 [Page 8] INTERNET DRAFT New IP address structure February 24, 2013 7. Multicast Every unicast address is multicast enabled. To change a unicast address to a multicast address set flag bits to 11100000. Request multicast feed: Set the flag bits to 10100000 and send a multicast request towards the source. For the first request for that unique source, the router has to forward the request towards the source. For all subsequent requests, router has to maintain a request table. Repeat the process in each router along the path. Request table O----------------------+-----------------+------------------------O |** Multicast address |# Requested |* layer 2 source address| | | interface | of the request packet | +----------------------+-----------------+------------------------+ |25.0.0:117.213.56.250 | FastEthernet 0 | xx-xx-xx-xx | +----------------------+-----------------+------------------------+ | | | | +----------------------+-----------------+------------------------+ | | | | | | | | ** Multicast address: Globally unique multicast address . Example: 25.0.0:117.213.56.250 #Requested interface: Request accepted interface. *For multipoint interface, to keep track of all individual request. Multicast feed: Set the flag bits to 11100000 (224) for multicast feed.Routers should replicate the feed to all requested interfaces. Cancel Multicast request: Set the flag bits to 11000000 and send a multicast cancellation request towards the source. For the last request for that unique source, the router has to forward the cancellation request towards the source. Repeat the process in each router along the path. For all other cancellation requests, remove the request from the request table. It is possible to multicast using IPv4 address .Set the flag bits to 0 for level 0 multicast / broadcast, to read only level 0 address and to avoid a search in multicast table. Sreeraj Expires August 28, 2013 [Page 9] INTERNET DRAFT New IP address structure February 24, 2013 8. Network scaling To scale a network 1. Build new root ( 255 interconnected network) - level n+1 . 2. Remove all existing root level (top level). interconnections (level n). 3. Connect level n networks under level n+1. Now, it is possible to add 254 new children under each new parent. Each new child has 255 more and so on. Example: Connect network 1.0.0 under level 4 network 1. New address 1.1.0.0 it is possible to add 254 new networks under network 1.0.0.0 1.2.0.0. to 1.255.0.0 Connect network 2.0.0 under level 4 network 2. New address 2.2.0.0 254 new networks under network 2.0.0.0 2.1.0.0. , 2.3.0.0 to 2.255.0.0 Connect network 3.0.0 under level 4 network 3. New address 3.3.0.0 254 new networks 3.1.0.0,3.2.0.0, 3.4.0.0 - 3.255.0.0 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Connect network 255.0.0 under level 4 network 255. New address 255.255.0.0 9. Security Considerations There are no security considerations relevant to this document. 10. IANA Considerations This memo includes no request to IANA. Sreeraj Expires August 28, 2013 [Page 10] INTERNET DRAFT New IP address structure February 24, 2013 11. References 11.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. Authors' Addresses C.V Sreeraj Chirmmal H Vadakkekara Ernakulam Kerala INDIA 683522 EMail: mailbox.sreeraj@gmail.com Sreeraj Expires August 28, 2013 [Page 11]