OPENSSL(1)

OPENSSL(1) | OpenSSL | OPENSSL(1)

# NAME

openssl - OpenSSL command line tool

# LIBRARY

libcrypto, -lcrypto

# SYNOPSIS

openssl command [ command_opts ] [ command_args ]

openssl list [ standard-commands | digest-commands | cipher-commands | cipher-algorithms | digest-algorithms | public-key-algorithms]

openssl no-XXX [ arbitrary options ]

# DESCRIPTION

OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related cryptography standards required by them.

The openssl program is a command line tool for using the various cryptography functions of OpenSSL's crypto library from the shell. It can be used for

     o  Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
     o  Public key cryptographic operations
     o  Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
     o  Calculation of Message Digests
     o  Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
     o  SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
     o  Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
     o  Time Stamp requests, generation and verification

# COMMAND SUMMARY

The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands (command in the SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments (command_opts and command_args in the SYNOPSIS).

Detailed documentation and use cases for most standard subcommands are available (e.g., x509(1) or openssl-x509(1)).

Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all of their arguments and have a -config option to specify that file. The environment variable OPENSSL_CONF can be used to specify the location of the file. If the environment variable is not specified, then the file is named openssl.cnf in the default certificate storage area, whose value depends on the configuration flags specified when the OpenSSL was built.

The list parameters standard-commands, digest-commands, and cipher-commands output a list (one entry per line) of the names of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands, respectively, that are available in the present openssl utility.

The list parameters cipher-algorithms and digest-algorithms list all cipher and message digest names, one entry per line. Aliases are listed as:

     from => to

The list parameter public-key-algorithms lists all supported public key algorithms.

The command no-XXX tests whether a command of the specified name is available. If no command named XXX exists, it returns 0 (success) and prints no-XXX; otherwise it returns 1 and prints XXX. In both cases, the output goes to stdout and nothing is printed to stderr. Additional command line arguments are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the availability of ciphers in the openssl program. (no-XXX is not able to detect pseudo-commands such as quit, list, or no-XXX itself.)

## Standard Commands

asn1parse
  Parse an ASN.1 sequence.
ca
  Certificate Authority (CA) Management.
ciphers
  Cipher Suite Description Determination.
cms
  CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility.
crl
  Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.
crl2pkcs7
  CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.
dgst
  Message Digest Calculation.
dh
  Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management. Obsoleted by dhparam(1).
dhparam
  Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by genpkey(1) and pkeyparam(1).
dsa
  DSA Data Management.
dsaparam
  DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by genpkey(1) and pkeyparam(1).
ec
  EC (Elliptic curve) key processing.
ecparam
  EC parameter manipulation and generation.
enc
  Encoding with Ciphers.
engine
  Engine (loadable module) information and manipulation.
errstr
  Error Number to Error String Conversion.
gendh
  Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Obsoleted by dhparam(1).
gendsa
  Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by genpkey(1) and pkey(1).
genpkey
  Generation of Private Key or Parameters.
genrsa
  Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by genpkey(1).
nseq
  Create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence.
ocsp
  Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.
passwd
  Generation of hashed passwords.
pkcs12
  PKCS#12 Data Management.
pkcs7
  PKCS#7 Data Management.
pkcs8
  PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool.
pkey
  Public and private key management.
pkeyparam
  Public key algorithm parameter management.
pkeyutl
  Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility.
prime
  Compute prime numbers.
rand
  Generate pseudo-random bytes.
rehash
  Create symbolic links to certificate and CRL files named by the hash values.
req
  PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
rsa
  RSA key management.
rsautl
  RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded by pkeyutl(1).
s_client
  This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library.
s_server
  This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library. It provides both an own command line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.
s_time
  SSL Connection Timer.
sess_id
  SSL Session Data Management.
smime
  S/MIME mail processing.
speed
  Algorithm Speed Measurement.
spkac
  SPKAC printing and generating utility.
srp
  Maintain SRP password file.
storeutl
  Utility to list and display certificates, keys, CRLs, etc.
ts
  Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server).
verify
  X.509 Certificate Verification.
version
  OpenSSL Version Information.
x509
  X.509 Certificate Data Management.

## Message Digest Commands

blake2b512
  BLAKE2b-512 Digest
blake2s256
  BLAKE2s-256 Digest
md2
  MD2 Digest
md4
  MD4 Digest
md5
  MD5 Digest
mdc2
  MDC2 Digest
rmd160
  RMD-160 Digest
sha1
  SHA-1 Digest
sha224
  SHA-2 224 Digest
sha256
  SHA-2 256 Digest
sha384
  SHA-2 384 Digest
sha512
  SHA-2 512 Digest
sha3-224
  SHA-3 224 Digest
sha3-256
  SHA-3 256 Digest
sha3-384
  SHA-3 384 Digest
sha3-512
  SHA-3 512 Digest
shake128
  SHA-3 SHAKE128 Digest
shake256
  SHA-3 SHAKE256 Digest
sm3
  SM3 Digest

## Encoding and Cipher Commands

The following aliases provide convenient access to the most used encodings and ciphers.

Depending on how OpenSSL was configured and built, not all ciphers listed here may be present. See enc(1) for more information and command usage.

aes128, aes-128-cbc, aes-128-cfb, aes-128-ctr, aes-128-ecb, aes-128-ofb
  AES-128 Cipher
aes192, aes-192-cbc, aes-192-cfb, aes-192-ctr, aes-192-ecb, aes-192-ofb
  AES-192 Cipher
aes256, aes-256-cbc, aes-256-cfb, aes-256-ctr, aes-256-ecb, aes-256-ofb
  AES-256 Cipher
aria128, aria-128-cbc, aria-128-cfb, aria-128-ctr, aria-128-ecb, aria-128-ofb
  Aria-128 Cipher
aria192, aria-192-cbc, aria-192-cfb, aria-192-ctr, aria-192-ecb, aria-192-ofb
  Aria-192 Cipher
aria256, aria-256-cbc, aria-256-cfb, aria-256-ctr, aria-256-ecb, aria-256-ofb
  Aria-256 Cipher
base64
  Base64 Encoding
bf, bf-cbc, bf-cfb, bf-ecb, bf-ofb
  Blowfish Cipher
camellia128, camellia-128-cbc, camellia-128-cfb, camellia-128-ctr, camellia-128-ecb, camellia-128-ofb
  Camellia-128 Cipher
camellia192, camellia-192-cbc, camellia-192-cfb, camellia-192-ctr, camellia-192-ecb, camellia-192-ofb
  Camellia-192 Cipher
camellia256, camellia-256-cbc, camellia-256-cfb, camellia-256-ctr, camellia-256-ecb, camellia-256-ofb
  Camellia-256 Cipher
cast, cast-cbc
  CAST Cipher
cast5-cbc, cast5-cfb, cast5-ecb, cast5-ofb
  CAST5 Cipher
chacha20
  Chacha20 Cipher
des, des-cbc, des-cfb, des-ecb, des-ede, des-ede-cbc, des-ede-cfb, des-ede-ofb, des-ofb
  DES Cipher
des3, desx, des-ede3, des-ede3-cbc, des-ede3-cfb, des-ede3-ofb
  Triple-DES Cipher
idea, idea-cbc, idea-cfb, idea-ecb, idea-ofb
  IDEA Cipher
rc2, rc2-cbc, rc2-cfb, rc2-ecb, rc2-ofb
  RC2 Cipher
rc4
  RC4 Cipher
rc5, rc5-cbc, rc5-cfb, rc5-ecb, rc5-ofb
  RC5 Cipher
seed, seed-cbc, seed-cfb, seed-ecb, seed-ofb
  SEED Cipher
sm4, sm4-cbc, sm4-cfb, sm4-ctr, sm4-ecb, sm4-ofb
  SM4 Cipher

# OPTIONS

Details of which options are available depend on the specific command. This section describes some common options with common behavior.

## Common Options

-help
  Provides a terse summary of all options.

## Pass Phrase Options

Several commands accept password arguments, typically using -passin and -passout for input and output passwords respectively. These allow the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no password argument is given and a password is required then the user is prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current terminal with echoing turned off.

Note that character encoding may be relevant, please see passphrase-encoding(7).

pass:password
  The actual password is password. Since the password is visible to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used where security is not important.
env:var
  Obtain the password from the environment variable var. Since the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms (e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution.
file:pathname
  The first line of pathname is the password. If the same pathname argument is supplied to -passin and -passout arguments then the first line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output password. pathname need not refer to a regular file: it could for example refer to a device or named pipe.
fd:number
  Read the password from the file descriptor number. This can be used to send the data via a pipe for example.
stdin
  Read the password from standard input.

# SEE ALSO

asn1parse(1), ca(1), ciphers(1), cms(1), config(5), crl(1), crl2pkcs7(1), dgst(1), dhparam(1), dsa(1), dsaparam(1), ec(1), ecparam(1), enc(1), engine(1), errstr(1), gendsa(1), genpkey(1), genrsa(1), nseq(1), ocsp(1), passwd(1), pkcs12(1), pkcs7(1), pkcs8(1), pkey(1), pkeyparam(1), pkeyutl(1), prime(1), rand(1), rehash(1), req(1), rsa(1), rsautl(1), s_client(1), s_server(1), s_time(1), sess_id(1), smime(1), speed(1), spkac(1), srp(1), storeutl(1), ts(1), verify(1), version(1), x509(1), crypto(7), ssl(7), x509v3_config(5)

# HISTORY

The list-XXX-algorithms pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0; For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual manual pages.

# COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2000-2018 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.

2018-12-08 | 1.1.1i